P.A. Chekmarev, A.A. Lukmanov, S.Sh. Nuriev, R.Sh. Gajrov
Department of Plant-Growing, Chemicalization and Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture of Russian Federation
Agrochemical Service Centre “Tatarsky”, FSBI
E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Summary. The article presents the results of long-term monitoring of soil fertility in Republic of Tatarstan. By chemicalization level there are four periods during the last 50 years: the beginning (1965-1970), the rise (1980-1985), intensive chemicalization (1986-1995) and relative decline (1996-2013). During the period of rise and intensive chemicalization the saturation of arable land by mineral fertilizers reached 70.6…132.6 kg/ha, by organic fertilizers – 5.0…5.9 t/ha, the area of annual liming was 166.0…352.8 thous. ha, the area of phosphorite application was 27.1…63.1 thous. ha. Over these years the compensation of nitrogen carry-over was 122…139 %, for phosphorus it was 149…167 %. These activities had succeeded in stabilizing of humus state, reducing the acid soil area by 310.1 thous. ha, increase in weighted average content of mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium to 145.1 and 137.8 mg/kg. Since 1996 as a result of slump in the application of organic, mineral and lime fertilizers in the Republic there are negative trends in the changes of soil fertility, which reveal in decrease in humus content by 0.3 %, in mobile phosphorus content by 13.5 mg/kg, as well as in increase in acid soil area by 39.8 thous. ha.
Keywords: soil fertility, organic, mineral, lime fertilizers, balance of plant nutrients, humus content, soil acidity, mobile phosphorus content, exchange potassium content.