V.I. Titova, I.V. Vershinina
Nizhny Novgorod state agricultural academy
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Summary. In work presents the features of changes in floral structure phytocoenosis mechanically disturbed soil conditions in the natural ecosystem with naturally heal itself and with partial biological recultivation. The main purpose of the work was to evaluate the resilience naturfitotsenoza after exerted on him anthropogenic impact and identify the values of recultivation opportunities for regeneration of the natural ecosystem. Successional processes phytocenoses study was carried out on light – gray forest soils belonging to the territory of the APC» Nizhegorodets» Far-Konstantinovsky district of Nizhny Novgorod region. Monitoring were subjected to three sites naturbiogeotsenoza, two of whic, in the spring of 2010, were carried out repair work on the oil pipeline Gorky – Ryazan- 1, which was disrupted due to soil conditions and plant community is completely destroyed. Biological reclamation of one of the sections consisted in making dolomite powder (dose 4 t/ha). Phitocenotic observation Development Evaluation phytocenoses conducted during 2010-2012 by standard conventional methods using Geobotanical plots . Studies have revealed that of disturbed soils formed regenerative plant communit , which in its floral structure is very different from the control variant . Since the main component of the newly formed after the violation is phytocenosis etsya weed – ruderal vegetation, whose share in the composition of technologically transformed natural naturbiogeotsenoza represents more than half of all noted chennyh – plant organisms in the first year after the breach. The greatest development of weeds observed for members of the family Compositae – A more 44%, and in the composition of herbs and their number is at 63-69 %. Under the conditions of soil disturbance emerging plant communities include species atypical for sustainable phytocenoses upland meadow. Partial recultivation (after liming stage technical reclamation) contributed to the increase of the total number of plants, intensive development of the cereal component and the appearance of grass legume family.
Keywords: succession, natural ecosystems, phytocoenosis , flora, grasses , weeds , ruderal vegetation, disturbed soils ,biological recultivation of soils.