V.V. Okorkov1, I.V. Semin1, L.A. Okorkova1, D.V. Karpova2
1Vladimir Research Institute on Agriculture of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences
2Moscow state University M.V. Lomonosov
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Summary. It is shown that on gray forest soils of Opolye applying mineral , organic and organic- fertilizer systems based on cattle manure, chicken and goose droppings increases yields in crops link rotation fallow – winter wheat – barley found in favorable weather conditions. In a favorable year relative growth of the winter wheat yield varied from 8,5 to 18,3 %, spring barley – from 15,6 to 58,3 % in unfavorable conditions. Absolute grain yield increase varied respectively from 0.40 to 0.86 and from 0.28 to 1.05 t-ha. Loss of moisture to create 1 centre of winter wheat in the spring-summer period ranged from 4,9 to 5,5 mm. The creation of 1 centre of grain barley expended 17,4 mm moisture in control variant and 10,9…12,6 mm in fertilized variants. Applying organic fertilizer system in the autumn and spring rainy periods during snowmelt observed movement of previously accumulated nitrate in deeper soil layers (below 40 cm), which could adversely affect the establishment of optimum plant stand. The crucial way to improve organic fertilizers efficiency – joint application the first one with nitrogen fertilizers. Applying mineral and organic- fertilizer systems whih nitrogen fertilizer in spring after snowmelt in the soil layer 0…40 cm high and are optimal reserves of nitrate nitrogen accumulated that provided formation of structural elements to obtain high yields of crops. Most active transformation of nitrogenous compounds chicken manure in comparison with sawdust goose droppings and cattle manure is defined.
Keywords: gray forest soil, chicken manure, sawdust goose are met, bedding cattle manure, mineral, organic and organic-mineral fertilizer systems, stocks of nitrate nitrogen, productivity.