L.P. Sochalova, I.E. Lihenko, V.I. Ponopmarenko
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Summary. Varieties and promising lines of soft winter wheat, that were created in the breeding center of SibRIGS, were studied by agrobiological parameters on an isolated phytopathological plot (Michurinsky village, Novosibirsk region) in 2009-2013. Resistance to powdery mildew was studied on natural background epiphytoties; resistance to leaf rust was studied on artificial infectious background. Plants were inoculated with complex synthetic population of P. recondita pathogen during tillering – it’s booting that uses the wet microcameras. 2009-2011 and 2013 were the most favorable years of 5 ones of studying for the formation of wheat and development of diseases epiphytotic. It was found that increase of degree of destruction by leaf diseases on the territory of SibRIGS was completely associated with involvement of the same type of raw material in the hybridization (Lr3 and Lr26 genes are to leaf rust, Pm8 gene is to powdery mildew). Among the studied varieties selection forms (Novosibirskaya 2, Novosibirskaya 3, etc.) evaluation of disease development in the dynamics has identified varieties and breeding lines, whose intensity of lesions to leaf rust and powdery mildew is not only differentiated depending on the external conditions of the studying year, but also «slow rusting» slowly increases during ontogeny. Studying the complex agronomic traits of new varieties (Novosibirskaya 9, Novosibirskaya 40, Novosibirskaya 51), varieties that out of the public variety testing (Novosibirskaya 2, Novosibirskaya 3, Obskaya ozimaya) and promising breeding material appeared forms with increased hardiness (on average of 61 to 68%) by cross breeding; forms with a relatively low height of plant (from 98 cm of Novosibirskaya to 102 – 114 cm of breeding forms at 120-132 cm of standard Novosibirskaya 32); forms that resistant to lodging from 4.1 to 4.7 points; highly productive forms (from 359 to 432 g / m2) with weight of 1000 grains from 31.3 to 40.8 g; forms that have a high degree of tolerance to infection (Novosibirskaya 3’s tolerance factor (T) for 1000 grain weight 3 –1,05; promising lut 403-8 и lut 411-1 breeding lines have 1 and 1.01, respectively).
Keywords: winter wheat, variety, promising breeding material, leaf rust, powdery mildew, inoculation, gene, resistance, immunity, efficiency, tolerance, synthetic population.