Y.V. Dokshin, L.S. Fedotova
Russian Research Institute of Potato named after A.G. Lorh
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Summary. Experimental data (2012-2013) were received on growth and development, productivity and quality of three potato varieties of domestic selection depending on entering NPK fertilizers with chlorine in two doses (N90P90K135Cl100 and N120P120K180Cl135) and equivalent doses NPK fertilizers with magnesium and sulphur in the conditions of the sod-podzolic soil of the Nonchernozem zone of Russia. In the experiment also were compared the action of fractional-local entering of the increased dose of fertilizers of both forms: 2/3 doses – the basic entering before landing + 1/3 – during the hilling rows. The average and increased doses of mineral fertilizers with chlorine increased productivity depending on the variety – Udacha – Ljubava – Golubizna: on 47-59 %, on 46-63 % and on 21-42 %, respectively. The average and increased doses of mineral fertilizers with magnesium and sulphur increased productivity of tubers depending on the variety more essentially: Udacha – Ljubava – Golubizna, respectively: on 65-75 %, on 50-63 % and on 25-60 %. Tolerance to chlorine-containing fertilizers was shown by the variety of Ljubava, which increases of a crop from both forms of fertilizers were on the same level. Productivity on variants with fractional application of fertilizers on varieties Udacha, Ljubava reached the level of this indicator on variants with increased dose NPK, and on the variety Golubizna inferior to productivity of tubers on these variants a little. Early varieties of Udacha and Ljubava rather well tolerated studied forms and doses of fertilizers, however, production received on variants with average doses magnesium, sulfur-containing fertilizers had the advantage. The greatest harm chlorine-containing fertilizers has a production of middle-ripe varieties of a potato Golubizna, which notes essential decrease taste under the influence of this form of fertilizers. Fractional entering of the increased dose of mineral fertilizers of both forms put more damage to production, than corresponding equivalent increased doses NPK at single entering. The raised dose magnesium – sulphur fertilizers, creating positive balance of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulphur and reducing the chlorine content inthe soil, allowed to receive a high productivity of a potato (35,7-36,9 t•ha-1) with the increased quality of production.
Keywords: NPK of fertilizers with chlorine, NPK of fertilizers with magnesium and sulphur, productivity and quality of potato.