Z.S. Nelyubina, N.I. Kasatkinа
Udmurt Research Institute on Agriculture of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences
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Summary. Experiments were established to create and study thelong-term agrophytocenosis for emergency fields based on the changeable lucerne, birdsfoot deer vetch and goat’s-rue eastern in Udmurt Research Institute on Agriculture in 2002-2004. Soil was sod-podzolic, medium loamy. In the experiment studied sorts of perennial grasses zoned in Udmurt Republic. In binary grass mixtures content of legume components was 75...80% of normal in pure form, in triple – 50...60%. Use of Lucerne agrophytocenosis in the period of four years was significantly efficient in the dry matter yield in comparison with its one-species seeding(control): lucerne + galega (11,0 t-ha), lucerne + galega + rump (9,9 t-ha), lucerne + clover hybrid + timothy (9,7 t-ha), providing increase from 0,7 to 2,0 t-ha. The grass mixture lucerne + galega has formed the highest yield in the experiment during the eight-year use (37,8 t-ha) and provided significant increase (4.4 t-ha), compared with single-species planting lucerne. This agrophytocenosis was the most productive in the gathering of dry matter – 9,6 t-ha. The using a mixture of lucerne with galega and rump provides the increase of dry mass yield by 0,7...1,7 t-ha in comparison with single-species planting lucerne. Agrophytocenosis lotus + clover, lotus + clover + timothy, lotus + timothy, lucerne + galega, lucerne + clover hybrid, lucerne + timothy, galega + rump were the most valuable on content of metabolizable energy (9,4...10,2 MJ-kg) and crude protein (15,1...17,0%). During the four-year use energy efficiency ratio of mixtures with lotus was higher than in the cultivation of lotus in pure form – 5,90...6,49 and 5,53 respectively. Growing lucerne mixed with galega was the most energetically favorable at eight-year use of mixtures with lucerne (energy efficiency ratio – 7,84). Using mixtures lucerne + galega + rump, lucerne + timothy was more energy efficiently in comparison with single-species planting lucerne.
Keywords: grass mixtures, the yield of dry mass, botanical structure, nutritional value, energy efficiency, soil fertility.