I.N. Zelenin
Penza Research Institute on Agriculture of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences
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Summary. The results of studies of winter green manuring crops in the link of crops rotation green manure – winter wheat-millet on leached chernozem forest steppe zone in the Middle Volga region are given. Soils – leached black soil, middle productive, leached, humus content – 6,47% (by Tyurin), рН salted – 5,8, Р2О5 – 188 mg-kg soil и К2О – 105 mg-kg soil (by Chyrkov). Climatic characteristics of the region characterize instability of weather conditions both within the seasons and years. Hydrothermal coefficient (GTK) changed within 1, 5 (in 2000) to 0,8 (in 2006). Increasing the productivity of crops reaches 7…18% – during action of green manuring and 5…12% – during post effect in the link of crops rotation green manuring – winter wheat – millet. As winter green manures hairy vetch, ginger winter, winter rape and sisymbrium Lesalia were sown. Sowing green manure conducted at the end of the third decade of August by a common method with sowing machine CH-16. The seeding rate amounted to hairy vetch 50…60, camelina winter – 6…8, Eurepica winter – 10…12, gulyavnika Letela – 0,5…0,8 kg-ha. In above soil-climatic conditions all tested culture were effective as winter green manures. In average during the years of research they have formed a significant biomass – from 7,94 to 9,99 t-ha (in air dry mass). With sealing them as green manure into the soil from 135,3 to 188,1 kg-ha of nitrogen, from 35,2 to 43,8 kg-ha of phosphorus and from 93,1 to 120,1 kg-ha of potassium came. The best performance is obtained on the variant with gulyavnika Lesalia. Increase of productivity of grain crops after green manuring in the specified link of crops rotation reached 7,0…17,9% – during action of green manuring and 4,9…12,1% –during post effect. The main advantages of winter green manuring crops are high reproductive capacity, small rate, low cost of cultivation.
Keywords: biologization, winter green manuring, crop rotation, crop yields.