A.N. Perov
Mordovian N. P. Ogarev state University, Russia, Saransk, Bolshevist str., 68
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Summary. Two-factor experiment has been carried out to study the dynamics of triticale underground phytomass increasing depending on the doses of fertilizers in combination with herbicides. The experiment has been carried out in leached black soil in «Rassvet» Ltd. of Chamzinka district of Mordovia Republic in 2011-2013. The condition of black soil is: humus contain is 6.8-7.4 %; saline pH is 5.9-6.1; hydrolytic acidity is 2.72-2.92 mg /eq per 100 g of soil; P2O5 contain is 200-230 mg/kg of soil; potassium contain is 250-280 mg/kg of soil. Doses of fertilizers were calculated for 5 t/ha planned harvest of triticale. doses of phosphorous fertilizers compensated for 100 % of removal, potash fertilizers did for 60 % of removal. The removal of nitrogen compensated according to the variants for 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, and 100 % respectively. The experiment repeated three times. The variety of triticale was Bashkirskaya korotkostebelnaya (Bashkir shortness). It has been found out that the largest increase in roots mass came from spring growth until main stem phase. During this phase it is increased by 3.1-3.6 times. Predominant influence of nitrogen fertilizers on the root mass development due to increasing of nutritious mobile forms has been showed. Root mass increased by 5.6 % under the influence of phosphorus-potash fertilizers and increased by10.5-28.6 % under the influence of complex fertilizer. Influence of fertilizers was not significant. The largest mass of roots have been marked in experiment with application of N99P52K84 fertilizer, when root mass increased by 28.6 % in comparison with the usual crop. It has been proved that root proportion in total biomass varies slightly under the influence of fertilizer and herbicides. This is because during the growing season there is increase both aboveground and underground plant parts.
Keywords: triticale, leached chernozem, mass of roots, doses of mineral fertilizers, the ratio of aboveground biomass to the underground.