EVALUATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND BIOPREPARATOV UNDER WINTER WHEAT

V.I. Kargin¹, R.A. Zaharkina², I.A. Latysheva³, N.A. Perov⁴, N.V. Lukyanova^4
1Mordovia N. P. Ogarev state University, Russia, Saransk, street Bolshevist, 68
²Saransk Сooperative Institute (branch) Russian University of cooperation, Russia, Saransk, street Transport, 17
³Ministry of agriculture and food Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, street Сommunistic, 50
⁴«Research center», Russia, Saransk

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Summary. Obtained data testify to the enormous difference in unit cost of energy in crop and energy. If the cost per unit of energy of grain during the analyzed period increased by 48 %, the energy cost of diesel fuel has increased in 2,8 times. Needs an objective and energy estimation of the value of crop production and energy, which will scale reduction in the seizure of energy resources from this industry. In field experiments with winter wheat cultivars Volzhskaya quality on leached chernozem in the Mordovian variety testing station revealed that the greatest conditionally net income the condition of black soil is: humus contain is 7.22–7.72 %; saline pH is 4.9-5.2; hydrolytic acidity is 5.7–6.2 mg /eq per 100 g of soil; P₂O₅ contain is 153–160 mg/kg of soil; potassium contain is 150–152 mg/kg of soil. The research was conducted in 2 factorial experience: factor A (mineral fertilizers): 1 – without fertilizers; 2 – N₄₀P₆₅K₇₀ presowing processing); 3 – N₄₀P₆₅K₇₀ (presowing processing) + N₄₀ (early spring in the dressing); 4 – N₄₀P₆₅K₇₀ (presowing processing) + N₈₀ (early spring in the dressing); 5 – N₄₀P₆₅K₇₀ (presowing processing) + N₈₀ (in early spring feeding) + N₂₈ (in the milk stage). Factor In (biologics): 1 –without biologics; 2 – taking into consideration; 3 – Azotovit; 4 – Agrovit-kor; 5 – Albite. Average for the three years received on versions with application of N₁₂₀P₆₅K₇₀. Application of biological preparations was also economically advantageous. The greatest conditionally net income achieved by the use of drugs «Albite» and «Azotovit». Optimum doses of mineral fertilizers and biological products allow to reduce the negative impact of meteorological factors and increase their efficiency. The optimal dose in different years, different weather conditions. In 2010 a significant increase in productivity observed in the use of mineral fertilizers dose N₄₀P₆₅K₇₀, and in 2011 the highest yield obtained on the variant, where they were introduced at a dose of N₁₄₈P₆₅K₇₀. In average for the year, the largest increase was obtained with the introduction of N₁₂₀P₆₅K₇₀.

Keywords: leached chernozem, winter wheat, conditionally net income, resources, moisture, solar energy resources.