D.A. Postnikov1, S.K. Temirbekova2, V.G. Loshakov3, M.S. Norov4, A.A. Kurilo
1Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russia, Moscow city, Timiryazevskaya Str., 49
2All-Russian Breeding and Technology Institute on Horticulture and Nursery of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Russia, Moscow city, Zagor’evskaya Str, 4
3All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry named after D.N. Pryanishnikov of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Russia, Moscow city, Pryanishnikova Str., 31a
4Tajik Agrarian University named after Sh. Shotemur, Tajik Republic, Dushanbe city, Rudaki avenue, 146
E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Summary. The results of three-year experimental studying the comparative assessment of white mustard’s (Sinapis alba), narrow-leafed lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) and safflower (Carthamus) as green manure crops are presented. The aim of survey was searching and complete interpretation of the expansion of green manure crops range using the comparative agro-ecological assessment of studied techniques. Firstly in the Moscow area cultivated safflower variety Shifo cultivated as a green manure crop showed high agro-ecological effectiveness of this method. Clear fallow was used as a control. While the calculation of the effectiveness of green manuring per 1 hectare it was defined that after plowing the top mass of safflower input in the soil 189 kg of nitrogen and 45 kg of phosphorous. While using the narrow-leafed lupine and white mustard in the soil 138, 4 kg-ha and 84, 2 kg-ha of available nitrogen were returned accordingly. Defining the microbiological activity of the soil showed the best results while using as a green manure narrow-leafed lupine and safflower because linen-canvas losses were 48 and 60% accordingly. Evaluation of traditional green manure crops and introduced safflower was carried out according to results of spring barley’s yield. The highest grain yield was obtained in variants with plowing the safflower and lupine top mass – 3, 13 and 3, 14 t-ha accordingly. Analyzing the economical efficiency of studying methods revealed that in variant with narrow-leafed lupine cultivating direct costs on green manuring will be higher in comparison with other variants, and the profitability level – on 30% lower, in comparison with other variants, if farms are not be able to organize their own seed production of this crop.
Keywords: agrocеnoses, biodiversity, crop rotation, white mustard, lupine angustifolia, safflower, phytomelioration, green manuring, greening, soil management.