A.P. Karabutov1, G.I. Uvarov2, S.I.Tyutyunov1
1Belgorod State Research Institute on Agriculture of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Russia, Belgorod city, Oktyabrskaya Str., 58
2Belgorod State National Research University of BELSU, Russia, Pobedy Str., 85
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Summary. During the long (25 years) testing crop rotations, methods of the main soil treatment, mineral fertilizing and manure applying on the typical black soil changes in the content of mobile potassium, its balance and its efficiency were established. For five rotations of crop rotations without fertilizering there were no considerable changes in the content of mobile potassium in a layer of 0…30 cm, it remained at the level of the increased security – 88,9 mg-kg soil. Mineral fertilizers in double doses N84…124P124K124 along manure applying in dozes 8 and 16t-ha raised the content of mobile potassium to the level of high security – 128,8 mg-kg soil . Saturation of crop rotations with tilling crops, and also use of plowing, increase the content of mobile potassium to low extent, therefore, tilling and fallow crop rotation caused the increase of this element up to 114,1 mg-kg soil and tilling – up to 112,5 mg-kg soil that was at 16 и 7% higher in comparison with cereal, tilling and grasses crop rotation and not deep soil treatment. The positive balance of potassium is provided only while double doses of mineral fertilizering. Manure creates intensity of balance only for 39% that is 2, 6 times less in comparison with mineral fertilizing. Applying of N42-62P62K62 along with 16 t-ha of manure leads to more than 80% increase in intensity of balance. Cereal, tilling and fallow crop rotation reduces intensity of balance of potassium by 1, 2 times in relation to cereal and tilling. Applying of mineral fertilizers provides the increase coefficient of potassium use up to 32%, manure – up to 50%. While joint applying of mineral fertilizers and manure the greatest efficiency of potassium (46%) was in variant with N42-62P62K62 option + 16 t-ha of manure. Cereal, tilling and fallow crop rotation crop rotation increased coefficient of potassium use in 1,2 times in comparison with cereal, tilling and grasses crop rotation. Saturation of crop rotations with tilling crops increases efficiency of potassium use at 17% and collecting grain units – at 16%, long-term grasses – intensity of balance of potassium at 7% and collecting protein – at 34%. Along with it is necessary to use plowing as the main soil treatment while tilling crops cultivation.
Keywords: typical black soil, crop rotation, fertilizers, main soil treatment, efficiency, intensity of balance, efficiency, mobile potassium.