F.G. Kayumov, Yu.N. Sidorov, N.N. Dokina
All-Russian Research Institute of Meat Cattle Breeding of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Russia, Orenburg city, the 9th of January Str., 29
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Summary. Researches on studying of weather conditions and superficial improvement influence on efficiency of natural fodder grounds in dry steppe zone of the Orenburg region were conducted. The soil of an experimental area is represented by southern underdeveloped carbonate crushed stone black soil with a humus content in the upper (0…10 cm) layer of 0,6…0,9%, mobile phosphorus and metabolical potassium (by Machigin) of 0,5 and 38 mg-100 g of dry soil. The floristic composition of the studied natural phytocenoses represented by feather, fescue and forbs association. Researches have shown that the green mass crop and development of natural steppe phytocenoses in a zone of dry steppes are formed generally under two factors: moisture atmospheric precipitation of the second half (June–October) of the previous vegetative period (optimal parameter of hydrothermal coefficient is equal 0,8 and above) and temperature of the current vegetative period (April–May), when the sum of positive average daily temperatures (over 5ºС) is more than 700ºС. Superficial improvement of natural fodder grounds was carried out by introduction of soluble mineral fertilizers in two periods: before winter and early-spring. Over years of research the applying of soluble mineral fertilizers before winter has provided an increase of dry matter in average N20 – 4,0, N40 – 6,0; P5 – 1,9, P10 – 2,3, P15 – 2,4; and N20P5 – 3,6, N20P10 – 4,1, N20P15 – 4,5 cwt-ha along with this parameter in control variant 9,4 cwt-ha and LSD05 – 1,4 cwt-ha; in early spring period: N20 – 1,3, N40 – 2,4; P5 – 0,2, P10 –0,6, P15 – 1,3; N20P5 – 0,9, N20P10 – 1,5, N20P15 – 2,4 cwt-ha along with parameter of productivity on the plots without applying fertilizers 9,0 cwt-ha and LSD05 – 1,4 cwt-ha .
Keywords: fertilizer, natural herbage, superficial improvement.