V. Listratenkova, N. Petkevich, V. Tsis’, J. Kurskaya, V. Levchenkova, J. Sokolova, N. Ruzanova, N. Shumjko
Smolensk State Agrarian Academy, Bolshaya Sovetskaya Str., 10/2, Smolensk, 214000, Russia
E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Summary. In the modern period there are five breeds and two types of dairy cattle in Smolensk region. The aim of the investigation was to study special characteristics of dairy productivity and cattle breeding capacity. The population of cattle in Smolensk region decreases from year to year. Only for the last three years in farms of all types it decreased by 3.3…14.9 thousand head. In 2014 the number of animals was 123.1 thousand head, among them 65.9 thousand cows. According to the zootechnical report dated 01/01/2014, the greatest portion in the structure of breeds is occupied by Brown Swiss (35.1 %). Among all breeds a breeding base was created. Breeding farms produced more than 30 % of gross dairy products. Animals of Black-and-White breed differ by high yield of milk (7109 kg) and content of fat (4.22 %) in milk on the last finished lactation. The high protein content in milk (3.4 %) is peculiar to Brown Swiss, especially to Smolensk type (3.44 %). The best reproductive ability is peculiar to cows of Sychevskaya breed, the output of calves is 91 %, including the Vazuza type – 92 %. Animals of different breeds leave in different terms (1.9…4.9 calving). Cows of Smolensk type produce longer than all. The main reasons of leaving depend on the breed. For Black-and-White (64.4 %) and the Holstein Black-and-White breed (31.7 %) they are gynecologic diseases and a barrenness, for Sychevskaya breed, including the Vazuza type they are low productivity (40.2 and 47.4 % respectively), for Brown Swiss, including Smolensk type –other reasons (48.7 and 73.1 %). The relative number of cows giving birth to bulls in breeds varies from 11.3 to 40.5 %, the least quantity of them is in Sychenskaya breed. For further breed improvement there are live stud bulls and the sperm bank was created in the breeding farm.
Keywords: breeds, types, milk capacity, cattle breeding capacity, genetic resource, stud bull rating.
Author Details: V. Listratenkova, Cand. Agricultural Sci., Head of Department (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N. Petkevich, Dr. Agricultural Sci., Prof.; V. Tsis’, Dr. Agricultural Sci., Prof.; J. Kurskaya, Cand. Agricultural Sci., Associate Prof.; V. Levchenkova, Cand. Agricultural Sci., Associate Prof.; J. Sokolova, Cand. Agricultural Sci., Associate Prof.; N. Ruzanova, Cand. Agricultural Sci., Associate Prof.; N. Shumjko, Graduate.
For citation: Listratenkova V., Petkevich N., Tsis’ V., Kurskaya J., Levchenkova V., Sokolova J., Ruzanova N., Shumjko N. The modern stage, problems and productivity of breeding of horned dairy cattle in Smolensk region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2014. T.28. №11. pp. 58-61 (In Russ)