G.N. Cherkasov, I.G. Pykhtin, A.V. Gostev, L.B. Nitchenko
All-Russia Research Institute of Arable Farming and Soil Erosion Control, Karl Marx Str., 70 b, Kursk, 305040, Russia
E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Summary. The article is devoted to the problem of the urgency of the creation of Registers of regional cultivation technologies for different groups of crops, as one of the conditions for further development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The article describes in detail the process of creating similar registers, oilseed crops in the Central Black Soil Region taken as an example, the expediency of the diversity of agricultural technologies, the use of certain agricultural practices depending on the capacity of agricultural producers, and the potential of each level of agricultural technology is indicated. In 2014 the staff of the Laboratory of Farming Systems of All-Russia Research Institute of Arable Farming and Soil Erosion Control for the first time developed a register of 47 technologies of oilseed crops cultivation for the conditions of Central Black Soil Region. The use of the register allows carrying out scientifically substantiated selection of cultivation technologies for sunflower, soybean, winter and spring rape, Sarepta mustard and winter camelina cultivating depending on the existing at the agricultural enterprise farming natural and material resources and calculate a potential economic effect. The register includes a database of varieties and hybrids of oilseed crops approved for use on the territory of the Central Black Soil Region in 2014. Each technology depending on the planted crop and the intensity level is divided into the following types: extensive, basic and intensive. The choice of definite technology is determined by environmental (soil, level of efficient fertility, weeds dissemination, using crop rotation, variety) and economic conditions (labor costs, provision with fuel, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural machines) of agricultural goods producers. Developed Register should be considered as regulators that allow systemizing and gathering the numerous technologies and minimizing existing breaks in their implementation as their untimely or not properly applying and, sometimes, even absence.
Keywords: agrotechnology, mustard, oilseed crops, sunflower, rape, register, camelina, soybean.
Author Details: G.N. Cherkasov, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); I.G. Pykhtin, Dr. Agricultural Sci., Senior Researcher; A.V. Gostev, Cand. Agricultural Sci., Head of Laboratory; L.B. Nitchenko, Cand. Agricultural Sci., Senior Researcher.
For citation: Cherkasov G.N., Pykhtin I.G., Gostev A.V., Nitchenko L.B. The urgency of creating the registers of cultivation technologies for oilseed crops // Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2014. T. 28. №12. pp. 3-4 (In Russ)