V.I. Turusov, V.M. Garmashov, В.А. Shevchenko, S.E. Dudchenko
Research Institute of Agriculture of Central Black soil region named after V.V. Dokuchaev, the 5th quarter, 81, settlement of the2nd district, Talovsky district, Voronegh region, 397463, Russia
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Summary. The most efficient tillage methods, ensured reproduction of soil fertility and formation of stable high yields, were developed on the basis of researches carried out in long-term stationary experiments at Research Institute of Agriculture of Central Black Soil Region named after V.V. Dokuchaev and in short-term industrial tests at farms with good technical equipment and using modern technologies. Under agroecological conditions of Voronezh region the economy reasonable level of minimization is determined both by soil and climatic characteristics and biological features of cultures in a crop rotation and by level of scientific and technical service of farms. On the modern level of agriculture development for the major part of the region in all agroecological regions with the average level of material and technical resources of farms in cereal and fallow crop rotations with a wide set of cultivated cultures it is reasonable to use the combined system of soil treatment on a different depth based on the combination of moldboard, boardless and surface treatments with primary use of plowing at 20…22 cm before row and legume cultures as the most demanding crops of physical conditions of soil fertility. Reduction of depth of soil processing from 20…22 cm to 8…10 cm and use of direct sowing during barley cultivation is the most effective in farms with standards of farming. Crops with tap root system – leguminous (pea, chickpea) negatively respond to the minimization of soil treatment; they reduced their productivity by 6.4…14.5 % with intensive technology, and by 35.1…39.9 % with normal one. Plowing on depth of 20-…22 cm for these crops caused the greatest productivity of pea 14.8 cwt/ha and chickpea 23.5 cwt/ha.
Keywords: landscape systems of agriculture, fertility, soil processing, minimization of tillage, treated layer.
Author Details: .I. Turusov, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Science, Director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.M. Garmashov, Сand. Agricultural Sci., Head of Division; В.А. Shevchenko, Post graduate student; S.E. Dudchenko, Post graduate student.
For citation: Turusov V.I., Garmashov V.M., Shevchenko B.A., Dudchenko S.E. Possibilities of minimal soil treatment on black soils in Voronegh region // Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2014. T.28. №12. pp. 5-8 (In Russ)