V.I. Turusov, Yu.I. Cheverdin, V.A. Bespalov, T.V. Titova
Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture the Central black-earth zone named of V.V. Dokuchayev, kvartal 5, 81, settlement of the 2-nd plot of the Institute Dokuchaev, Talovaya district, Voronezh region, 397463, Russia
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Summary. The investigations were carried out in Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Soil Belt named after V.V. Dokuchaev to estimate the properties and characteristics of black soil fertility after stopping of irrigation (in 10…12 years). The experimental plot was actively irrigated for more than 30 years. To assess the transformation of soil under the influence of irrigation the method of nested keys with imposition of a regular grid of sampling points was used. The soil of the experimental plot at the beginning of the reclamation activities were classified as ordinary black soil. The long-term ameliorative activity changed the direction of soil processes and the main properties of black soils. Termination of additional watering did not contribute to the regeneration of the characteristics of the soil to that of the background soils. Studies revealed a natural displacement of soil effervescence boundary by 17.2 cm under irrigation. Consequently the emergence of local areas of leached black soils was detected. The increase in spatial heterogeneity of humus content was noted. Under the influence of irrigation water it was determined the increase in fulvic acid content in humus and reducing of ratio of humic and fulvic acids on 2 points. Under irrigation the content of nonhydrolyzed residue reduced, but its share in total carbon content did not depend on the way of land usage. Water reclamation was a powerful factor of changing in the qualitative composition of soil absorption complex. The natural reduction of the share of exchange-absorbed calcium with a simultaneous increase in the proportion of magnesium and, especially, sodium (up to 7 % of the amount of cations of SAC) was proven. Most clearly this regularity was observed in carbonate accumulative horizon.
Keywords: black soil, irrigation, humus and its composition, SAC, environment reaction.
Author Details: V. I. Turusov, Corresponding Member of RAS, Dr. Sc. (Agr.), Director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Yu.I. Cheverdin, Dr. Sc. (Biol.), Head of Department; V.A. Bespalov, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Researcher; T.V. Titova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Researcher.
For citation: Turusov V.I., Cheverdin Yu.I., Bespalov V.A., Titova T.V. Features and direction of changes of the qualitative properties of chernozems in posteriority period. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. T.29. №1. pp. 13-16 (In Russ)