N.S. Petkevich, J.A. Kurskaya, A.A. Ivanova
Smolensk State Agricultural Academy, Bolshaya Sovetskaya Str., 10/2, Smolensk, 214000, Russia
E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Summary. The investigations were carried out in 2010-2013 on black-and-white Holstein cattle imported from Germany on the base of ZAO “Zolotaya Niva” in Safonovo district of Smolensk region. The aim of the investigation was to study adaptive abilities of imported cattle and to determine breeding and genetic characteristic of the milk productivity of cows. During the transportation and sequestration 0.8 % of heifers died. During a year at the complex 191 head of first-calf heifers died that is 16.1 % of the calved animals. The main reasons for death of cattle were diseases of reproductive organs and mammary gland (24.6 %), abnormalities of locomotor system and distal parts of extremities (22.0 %), diseases of digestive organs (7.8 %), respiratory organs and cardiovascular system (25.5 %) and other diseases (20.1 %). In 2013 the first lactation was finished by 1242 first-calf cows with the average yield of milk 7288 kg with a weight fraction of fat 3.87 %, protein – 3.30 %. Live weight of animals is 515 kg. The yield of milk during the second lactation (8061 kg) was higher than from first-calf cows on 773 kg (td = 13). Imported animals surpass cows of domestic Sychevskaya breed in dairy efficiency on 3066 kg on milk yield for the first lactation, on 3435 kg for the second one; for brown Swiss cows these values are 2772 kg and 3317 kg, correspondingly. Imported animals were much larger than Sychevskaya cows (+ 31 kg during the first lactation, + 47 kg during the second lactation) and brown Swiss cows (45 and 67 kg, respectively). The variability in milk yield in herd of imported cattle both through the first (12 ± 0.25) and the second lactation (15 ± 0.47) is low, that testifies the strict selection. Thus the animals of black-and-white Holstein breed imported from Germany considerably surpass the domestic breeds in Smolensk region (Sychevskaya and brown Swiss) and sufficiently enough realized the high genetic potential in dairy efficiency.
Keywords: imported cattle, adaptation, milk yield, service-period, mass fraction of fat, mass fraction of protein, variability, correlation.
Author Details: N.S. Petkevich, Dr. Sc. (Agr.), Prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); J.A. Kurskaya, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Senior Lecture; A.A. Ivanova, Post-graduate Student.
For citation: Petkevich N.S., Kurskaya J.A., Ivanova A.A. To the issue of adaptation of imported dairy cattle under conditions of the Central Non-Black Soil region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. T.29. №3. pp. 48-50 (In Russ)