L.V. Yushkevich1, M.S. Chekusov2, A. Lomanovsky1
1Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, Korolev av., 26, Omsk, 644012, Russia
2Omsk experimental plant, Korolev av., 32, Omsk, 644012, Russia
E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Summary. Chopped straw application on the field surface has a positive effect on the elements of soil fertility, water regime, astrophysical properties of soil, biological activity and phytosanitary situation of the field and reduces the possibility of soil deflation. Using of straw in agro-ecosystems contributes to the preservation and maintenance of plant mineral nutrition circulation. Annual area making straw in Omsk regine is more than 900 thousand ha. Since the second of crop rotation without application herbicides observed that conformity with a law dropped the crops of wheat cultures as far as reducing tillage intensity in the rotation. In relative to moldboard system in the 3-5th and 6-8th rotation has reduces grain yield per 1 ha of arable lands at the conservation cropping system to 11-12%, and minimal – to 16-23% including after unfallow precursor in conformity 18-21% and 28-36% and reduces the gluten in the grain up to 1,7%. At use of herbicides in first rotation of grain yield per 1 ha of arable lands at the cropland resource-saving system were equivalent the moldboard. In the second and next rotation application of soil-saving tillage system reduced of grain yield per 1 ha of arable lands in the rotation to 9,0%. The systematic application of chopped straw combined with chemicalization on cereals during the 27 years maintains downward tendency in productivity of arable land while reducing tillage intensity in the rotation. Minimal tillage system reduced grain yield per 1 ha of arable lands by an average of 0.18 t/ha (9.4%) in compering with the combined tillage variant and reduces the gluten in the grain up to 2%.
Keywords: tillage system, crop rotation, chemicalization, chopped straw, grain yield, grain productivity per 1 hectare of arable land.
Author Details: L.V. Yushkevich, Dr. Sc. (Agr.), Head of Laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); M.S. Chekusov, Cand. Sc. (Tech.); A. Lomanovsky, Post-graduate Student.
For citation: Yushkevich L.V., Chekusov M.S., Lomanovsky A. Tillage systems effecience in field crop rotations with long-term straw application in Western Siberia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V.29. №5. pp. 51-53 (In Russ)