A.M. Lentochkin, P.Ye. Shirobokov, L.A. Lentochkina
Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Studencheskaja St., 11, Izhevsk, 426069, Russia
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Summary. Two-years field tests were carried out in OAO "Put’ Il’icha" in Zavyalovo district of Udmurt Republic. The purpose of the research was to develop the optimal tillage system, ensuring high productivity and cost effectiveness of spring wheat cultivation technology. The soil of test plot was sod-podzol, middle loamy, weakly eroded soil. All processes in the experiment were performed with serial industrial tools and machines using in agricultural production. In the years, significantly different in conditions of growing seasons, the studied techniques of autumn plowing had different effects on grain yield. The best results in grain harvest (25.8 centner/ha) were provided by moldboard plowing by PLN-5-35. Deep chisel tillage had less effect (by 6.6 %) on the productivity, than moldboard plowing, as well as minimum tillage techniques: KMBD-3x4P – by 5.0 %, BDT-3.0 – by 12.4 %, KPE-3.8 – by 10.1 %. Costs for plowing is 852 RUB/ha, for minimal tillage they are 2 times less – 388…446 RUB/ha; costs for the direct seeding is almost zero, but in this case the yield of the culture is the lowest – 18.3 centner/ha. Moldboard plowing is the most effective technological methods of autumn soil tillage, which provides the maximal grain yield of spring wheat, but it is inefficient and the most dangerous with respect to soil erosion. Therefore the minimum tillage techniques are more attractive for the production. In spite of the less yield of spring wheat (by 5…12 %), the costs for their realization is 2 times less.
Keywords: spring wheat, soil cultivation, agrophysical soil properties.
Author Details: A.M. Lentochkin, Dr. Sc. (Agr.), Prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); P.Ye. Shirobokov, Post-graduate Student; L.A. Lentochkina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Assoc. Prof.
For citation: Lentochkin A.M., Shirobokov P.Ye., Lentochkina L.A. Efficacy of tillage systems in the technology of spring wheat cultivation. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V.29. №5. pp. 54-56 (In Russ)