A.I. Ziborov, V.S. Valekzhanin
Altai Research Institute of Agriculture, Nauchny gorodok, 35, Barnaul, 656910, Russia
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Summary. The aim of the research was to select cultivars of spring wheat, which were of interest in breeding for adaptability. In 2004-2008 we evaluate the adaptive properties according to productivity of 37 samples of soft wheat and 46 cultivars of durum wheat of differed in ecological and geographic origin. Field experiments were carried out at the stationary field of Altai Research Institute of Agriculture in forest-steppe of Ob region of Altai Krai. Growing conditions influenced significantly the variation of wheat yield. The contribution of genotypes was within 2.2…11.7 %. The following varieties of soft wheat were related to ecologically plastic ones: Altaiskaya 99, Pamyaty Azieva, Lutescens 618, Lutescens 496, Duet, Altaiskaya 530, Altaiskaya Stepnaya, Apasovka, Altaiskaya 105 and Omskaya 28. These cultivars are characterized by high productivity under different conditions (2.62…3.56 t/ha), high limit values of this trait, regression coefficient 0.99…1.18, and mean deviation from regression line (3.8…7.2). We referred varieties K 54975, Ikar, Omskaya 30, Thassos and Omskaya 24 to responsive to improvement of growing conditions cultivars. They have the productivity under favorable conditions at the level of 4.57…5.07 t/ha, regression coefficients 1.09…1.22. The stress tolerance varieties are Altaiskaya 103 and Sibirskaya 99, which are characterized by the yield of 1.51…1.60 t/ha against poor agricultural background, their variation coefficient is 28 % and the regression coefficient is less than 1. Among the studied assortment of durum wheat Bezenchukskaya Stepnaya, Bezenchukskaya 182, Altaisky Yantar, line 362.91 are distinguished by ecological plasticity. They have high productivity under different conditions (3.34…3.53 t/ha), high limiting values of the trait (the minimum is 2.65…2.98 t/ha, the maximum is 4.06…4.54 t/ha), high regression coefficient (1.15…1.50), except Altaisky Yantar. The following varieties are distinguished by stress tolerance: Altaiskaya Niva, Salyut Altaya, Voronezhskaya 9, Step 3, Zolotaya Volna, Kharkovskaya 46, Hordeiforme 415, Nik, Tavolga, Aleiskaya, Damsinskaya 90. They have productivity under severe conditions at the level of 2.60…2.97 t/ha, variation coefficients 9.1…16.8 %, deviation from regression line 2.1…11.1 and regression coefficients 0.23…0.98, except Damsinskaya 90. Varieties Pamyaty Chekhovicha, Omskaya Yantarnaya, Omsky Korund, Bezenchukskaya 202, Kustanaiskaya 28, Kustanaiskaya 30 and Asangaly are responsive to improvement of growing conditions. They are characterized by high yield under favorable conditions (3.86…4.71 t/ha) and regression coefficient 1.20…1.84.
Keywords: spring soft wheat, spring durum wheat, breeding, variety, source material, yield, adaptiveness.
Author Details: A.I. Ziborov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Senior Researcher (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.S. Valekzhanin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Senior Researcher.
For citation: Ziborov A.I., Valekzhanin V.S. Source material in breeding of spring soft and durum wheat for adaptivity // Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V. 29. № 6. pp. 31-34 (In Russ)