S.V. Shitov, P.V. Tihonchuk, O.P. Mitrohina, N.P. Kidyaeva
Far-Eastern state Agrarian University, Polytechnic str., 86, Blagoveshchensk, Amur region, 675000, Russia
E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Summary. A reduction in the unit cost in many respects depends on power inputs of its production. In the general case, the highest power inputs account for the cost of machine-tractor aggregates (MTA) and fuel. However, it is very difficult to estimate these costs using common economic calculations due to the influence of many factors. The aim of conducted researches was to optimize total power inputs for cultivation, sowing and harvesting of crops by the rational distribution of available machine-tractor and harvesting aggregates on the basis of weight indices. The dependences of the weight index of machine-tractor aggregates on the combined influence of fuel consumption and productivity were determined as a result of conducted analytical investigations. Time study of the work of machine-tractor and harvesting aggregates was carried out for the source data capture. The priority influence of parameters on the required value was determined with the use of single-factor models. Two-factor models were constructed for the observation of the combined influence of fuel consumption and productivity on total power inputs. The weight index of direct power inputs had the highest influence on power inputs; it was 0.73 at cultivation and 0.62 at sowing and harvesting. In turn, the change in the weight index of total power inputs of machine-tractor aggregates and harvesters is determined most strongly by fuel consumption. At the sowing the greatest weight index of total power inputs is characteristic for MTA, the fuel consumption of which is from 5.6 kg/hour and more, the productivity is from 16 ha/hour and higher. At the harvesting the least index was noted for harvesters, the fuel consumption of which varied in the range from 12 to 16 kg/hour, the productivity – from 4 to 5 ha/hour; the maximal index was registered for machines with the values of these indices in the range from 16 to 20 kg/hour and from 2 to 4 ha/hour, correspondingly.
Keywords: machine-tractor aggregate (MTA), harvesting combines, power inputs, weight index, productivity, fuel consumption.
Author Details: S.V. Shitov, Dr. Sc. (Tech.), Prof.; P.V. Tihonchuk, Dr. Sc. (Agr.), Prof.; O.P. Mitrohina, Cand. Sc. (Tech.), Assoc. Prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N. P. Kidyaeva, Cand. Sc. (Tech.), Assoc. Prof.
For citation: Shitov S.V., Tihonchuk P.V., Mitrohina O.P., Kidyaeva N.P. Ways of optimization of power inputs in the technology of crops cultivation. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V.29. №6. pp. 72-74 (In Russ)