I.I. Gureev
All-Russian Research Institute on Soil Management and Erosion Protection, 305021, Russia, Kursk, Karl Marx Street 70-B
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Summary. Ecological implications of application of tillage machinery are determined by its influence on degradation processes of soil and consumption of fuel. In the article it is proposed to identify the level of technogenic soil degradation after cultivation with the work, transformed by an aggregate on compression and destruction of soil structure. For all technologically expedient cultivation methods, used in crop cultivation agro-technologies we compared tillagers consisting from machines, produced in the custom union (CU) and beyond its boundaries (imported), according to proposed ecological criteria. Technique from CU countries is characterized by less component of degradation influence on soil; but the total mechanical load on soil and fuel consumption was higher than for the imported machine complex due to advanced constructions of working tools and economical engines. In the compared variants in energy-consuming methods of ploughing and deep loosening of ploughland about the half of total load on soil accounts for the degradation action with large additional consumption of fuel, 5.7-8.6 kg/ha. The reason to that is the imperfection of transfer of power to the working bodies from a tractor through its running gear. Therefore those machines are promising that have active working bodies and use energy through the power take-off shaft. Imported technique for seedbed preparation ensures qualitative preparation not only of sowing layer, but also of the level under seeds. And, as a consequence, it has increased by 0.4-1.1 kg/ha fuel consumption in comparison with the technique from CU countries.
Keywords: ecology, agro technology, tillage, agricultural machinery, imported machines, degradation power, motor fuel.
Author Details: I.I. Gureev, Dr. Sc. (Tecn.), Head of Laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Gureev I.I. Ecological implications of application of machine complexes for mechanization of tillage. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V.29. No 8. pp. 77-79 (In Russ)