N.P. Masyutenko, G.P. Glazunov, A.I. Sanzharov, A.V. Kuznetsov, N.V. Afonchenko, V.V. Oleshitskii
Russian Research Institute of Agriculture and Soil Erosion Control, K.Marx str., 70b, Kursk, 305021, Russia
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Summary. The studies were carried out in 2011-2015 on the experimental field of Russian Research Institute of Agriculture and Soil Erosion Control (Kursk Region) on a typical plot of arable land on a watershed and a slope of northern exposure. The plot size was 542 m x 347 m with the inclination 6.3 deg. On the basis of the experimental data analysis using GIS technologies we found out the peculiarities of the influence of erosion degree of black soils on the indicators of their condition. In the topsoil layer of noneroded typical black soil the content of the following elements is reliably higher than in weakly eroded soil of the same type: humus – by 0.35%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen – by 1.35/100 g, magnesium – by 0.17 mg-eq/100 g and mobile phosphorus – by 2.13 mg/100 g of soil. Quantity of calcium is lower by 0.33 mg-eq/100 g. In drift soils the content of humus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and potassium is significantly higher than in slightly eroded soils by 0.66%, 1.52 mg-eq/100 g, 3.86 and 11.02 mg/100 g, respectively. These values are also insignificantly higher than in noneroded soils. Soil erodibility influences a humus type in the soil profile and fractional-group composition. In slightly eroded soil the content of humic acids in the topsoil layer is 13% less because of the decrease of all three fractions, especially of the fraction connected with clay minerals; humate humus type was registered only in the soil layer 0-10 cm. In slightly eroded soils the decrease by 0.03-0.04 mm of the average weighted diameter of water stable aggregates, a decrease in the structure index and reduction of the aggregate variability 1.6-3.4 times are found out. Soil erodibility influences the content of micronutrient elements in the topsoil of black soils depending on their type. In slightly eroded soil the total content of Pb, Sr, Co, Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni is significantly less, and that of mobile forms of Mn and Zn is by 20-22% more than in noneroded soil.
Keywords: black soils, eroded soils, humus, fractional-group composition, agrochemical and agrophysical properties, micronutrient elements, electronic maps, GIS technologies.
Author Details: N.P. Masyutenko, Dr. Sc. (Agr.), Deputy Director; G.P. Glazunov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Head of Laboratory; A.I. Sanzharov, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), Senior Researcher; A.V. Kuznetsov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Senior Researcher; N.V. Afonchenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), Senior Researcher; V.V. Oleshitskii, Senior Researcher.
For citation: Masyutenko N.P., Glazunov G.P., Sanzharov A.I., Kuznetsov A.V., Afonchenko N.V., Oleshitskii V.V. Influence of the degree of erosion degradation on the indicators of ecological state of black soils // Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V. 29. No 8. pp. 19-23 (In Russ)