A.N. Vlasenko, N.G. Vlasenko
Siberian Researches Institute of Soil Management and Chemicalization of Agriculture, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsky r-n, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russia
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Summary. The aim of the researches was to compare main parameters of agrocoenosis of spring wheat cultivated according to technology based on deep subsurface loosening and no-till. The experiment was carried out on middle loamy leached black soil under conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. It consists from two three-field crop rotations including oats and Indian mustard as phytosanitary cultures (the latter also loosens the soil). Fertilizer backgrounds and systems of plants protection against harmful organisms were identical at both technologies that allowed carrying out comparison objectively. The formation of permanent mulch layer with root residues on the soil surface improves some indicators of soil fertility. The coefficient of structure of soil layer 0-20 cm at no-till under drought conditions after oat was 1.18, after mustard–1.35 vs. 1.10 and 1.28 at conventional technology, in a wet year–1.7 and 1.81 vs. 1.44 and 1.73, respectively. Since the second rotation of crop rotations, the content of nitrate nitrogen in one-meter soil layer before planting at no-till in variants without fertilizers was more by 15.4 kg/ha than at the technology based on deep subsurface loosening, and in the case of complex use of agrochemicals–by 30.9 kg/ha. For optimization of mineral nutrition and phytosanitary situation in spring wheat crops against pests, diseases and weeds the significant differences between no-till and conventional technologies were not revealed. Spring wheat yield was equal or slightly higher at no-till technology compared with the conventional one, by 2.9 and 2.7 t/ha, respectively, on average for two rotations. Considering that at no-till technology the costs for soil tillage are excluded, and they are about 20-25% of total costs, its economic effect is obvious and it is quite competitive in relation to the conventional one.
Keywords: technology no-till, spring wheat, soil fertility, phytosanitary situation, yield.
Author Details: A.N. Vlasenko, member of RAS, director; N.G. Vlasenko, corresponding member of RAS, head of research centre (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.)
For citation: Vlasenko A.N., Vlasenko N.G. Possibilities of ecologization of technologies in agriculture of Siberia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V.29. No9. pp. 21-24 (In Russ)