N.V. Perfilyev1, O.A.Viyushina1, D.R. Majsyamova2
1Northern Trans-Urals Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Burlaki, 2, pos. Moskovsky, Tyumensky r-n, Tyumenskaya obl., 625501, Russian Federation
2Northern Trans-Urals State Agrarian University, ul. Respubliki, 7, Tyumen, 625003, Russian Federation
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Summary. It was analyzed the influence of tillage systems of different intensity on the formation of associations of soil fungi, actinomycetes and cellulose-decomposing microorganisms in the arable soil layer. This analysis was carried out in the stationary experiment during the third rotation of grain-fallow crop rotation “bare fallow, winter rye, wheat, vetch, barley” on dark gray forest soils in the Northern Trans-Urals. The observations on the activity of microorganisms were conducted in the field of barley with several variants of tillage: moldboard one (annual plowing at 20-22 cm); nonmoldboard one (loosening with SibIME tines at 20-22 cm); combined system (the alternation of plowing and loosening with SibIME tines at 20-22 cm); differentiated (in a fallow field and after winter rye it is subsurface cultivation by KPE-3,8 at 12-14 cm, plowing under the legumes and for barley, and disking by BDT-2,5 at 10-12 cm after barley). It was revealed the trends to negative influence of subsurface and nonmoldboard cultivations on the phytosanitary condition of dark gray forest soil in the Northern Trans-Urals. Such kinds of processing in the differentiated system of cultivation leads to an increase in the number of microscopic fungi in topsoil because of the distribution of plant residues. In this case species of the genera Fusarium and Penicillum predominate, causing soil toxicosis and increase in the population of the root rot pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana 1.5-2 times, compared with plowing. The accumulation of soil toxigenic fungi is accompanied by an increase in the content of actinomycetes by 18-64%. Therefore, to improve the phytosanitary condition of the arable layer of this type of soil it is required the periodic plowing in tillage systems.
Keywords: tillage system, fungi, actinomycetes, cellulose-decomposing microorganisms, soil toxicosis.
Author Details: N.V. Perfilyev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: natalya_sharapov@bk. ru); O.A. Viyushina, research fellow; D.R. Majsyamova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), assoc. prof.
For citation: Perfilyev N.V., Viyushina O.A., Majsyamova D.R. Tillage Systems and Formation of Microfungi, Microorganism Associations in Dark-Grey Forest Soil. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V. 29. No 10. pp. 16-18 (in Russ.)