M.S. Tagirov, R.S. Shakirov, R.M. Sabirova
Tatarstan Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Orenburgsky trakt, 48, Kazan, 420059, Russian Federation
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Summary. The work was carried out under conditions of the Tatarstan Republic in 2010-2014 in accordance with conventional methods. The soil is gray forest, the content of humus is 3.0-3.5%, of phosphorus and potassium – 290-295 and 80-100 mg/kg, respectively. The aim of the investigation was to study the influence of mineral and humate fertilizers on productivity and economic efficiency of winter wheat variety Kazanskaya 560. In the experiments against the backgrounds of the main fertilizers (N22R39K62) and row fertilizer azophoska (100 kg/ha) the dressings by humate fertilizer “Bioplant Flora” and ammonium nitrate were carried out. Foliar application by “Bioplant Flora” was conducted in the autumn and early spring at the rate of 2 l/ha, root application by ammonium nitrate–in the spring at the rate of 150 kg/ha. The greatest microbial activity of the soil (293.2 mg/m2 per hour) was noted in the beginning of the flowering phase in the variant N22R39K62. This is higher by 13.95 and 150.05 mg/m2 per hour compared with the variant without fertilizers and with the microbiological control (no fertilizer and plant), respectively. On average, over 5 years on fertilized variants winter wheat productivity varied from 2.4 to 3.52 t/ha, depending on the type and method of fertilizer application. During 2010-2015 the introduction of 100 kg/ha of azophoska in rows at sowing increased the yield by 0.56 t/ha, compared to the control without fertilizers (2.3 t/ha). The dressing by “Bioplant Flora” was effective against all fertilizer backgrounds. In the variant N22P39K62 the autumn dressing by this preparation increased the yield by 0.46 t/ha, against the row fertilizers–by 0.3 t/ha, in comparison with the variant without fertilizers. Against the background of the main fertilizers with “Bioplant Flora” the profit was 12056.0 rub./ha, the cost of grain was 3575.0 rub./t, the profitability was 95.8%. In the variant with row fertilizing in combination with autumn dressing by “Bioplant Flora” the profitability reached 166.3%, the cost of grain was 2628.1 rub./t.
Keywords: winter wheat, fertilizer, additional fertilizing, microbiological activity, productivity, economic efficiency.
Author Details: M.S. Tagirov, D. Sc. (Agr.), director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); R.S. Shakirov, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof.; R.M. Sabirova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Tagirov M.Sh., Shakirov R.S., Sabirova R.M. Efficiency of Fertilizer Application during Winter Wheat Cultivation on Gray Forest Soil in the Tatarstan Republic. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V. 29. No 10. pp. 35-38 (in Russ.)