M.M. Sabitov, R.B. Sharipova
Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Institutskaya, 19, pos. Timiryazevsky, Ulyanovsky r-n, Ulyanovskaya obl., 433315, Russian Federation
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Summary. The aim of the investigation was to determine the influence of tillage methods, fertilizers and plant protection means on the indicators of fertility of leached chernozem and productivity of a crop rotation. The study was carried out in the complex stationary field experiments on the base of Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture in 2009-2013 in the grain-fallow crop rotation: bare fallow, winter wheat, spring wheat, barley. The technologies included moldboard, surface, nonmoldboard and subsurface cultivations, as well as application of complex fertilizers and plant protection means (herbicides against weeds, fungicides and insecticides against main diseases and pests, and antistress stimulator). These means enables to ensure favorable water-air and nutrient regimes of soil, as well as the preservation and maintenance of stocks of organic matter in arable soils. The soil of the test plot is leached chernozem, middle thick, middle loamy. It was revealed the high structure-forming role of resource-saving methods of tillage, providing the content of healthy structures at the tillering phase of crops up to 83.4%, and at the phase of full ripeness–up to 79.5%. The structure coefficient was from 2.6 to 3.9 units. The density of the soil was within the optimal interval for crops, 1.02-1.22 g/cm3. The stocks of productive moisture before sowing in the variant with cultivation by OPO-4.25 in the topsoil was higher by 8.3 mm, and in one-meter layer–by 29.7 mm in comparison with moldboard treatment. The resource-saving technology for cereal crops in the crop rotation with bare fallow provided the decrease in production costs by 27.3%, prime costs–by 18.5% and increase in the net income by 29.2%, compared with the conventional plowing at 25-27cm.
Keywords: tillage, fertilizers, plant protection, crop, humidity, infestation, productivity, crop rotation.
Author Details: M.M. Sabitov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); R.B. Sharipova, Cand. Sc. (Geogr.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Sabitov M.M., Sharipova R.B. Efficacy of Tillage Methods and Chemical Means in Grain-Fallow Crop Rotation. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V. 29. No 10. pp. 31-34 (in Russ.)