F.V. Eroshenko, A.A. Eroshenko, T.V. Simatin
Stavropol Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Nikonova, 49, Mikhajlovsk, Stavropolsky Krai, Russian Federation
Summary. We studied the influence of soil and climatic conditions of growing on the features of accumulation, redistribution, and storage of nitrogen in the grain yield of winter wheat. Investigations were carried out from 2006 to 2009 in the Central zone of Krasnodarsky Krai (CZKK) and in the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropolsky Krai (ZUMSK). According to the balance of nitrogen in the vegetative organs during the generative period we calculated its utilization and assessed the contribution of the sources of this element in the synthesis of reserve proteins in grains of winter wheat. Our research showed that both in the Central zone of Krasnodarsky Krai and in the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropolsky Krai, practically all nitrogen from the leaves of winter wheat was used iteratively–88.1 and 87.0%, respectively, in the average over the varieties. Recycling of nitrogen from stems in CZKK is 32.3-48.7%, and in ZUMSK it is 46.6-59.0%, depending on the variety. For ears these indices are 56.0-71.7% and 39.1-52.6%. In the Central zone of Krasnodarsky Krai 55.6% of nitrogen accumulated in the grain, is absorbed by plants of winter wheat from soil during the reproductive stage. In the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropolsky Krai the fraction of soil nitrogen in grain is 32.3%. The obtained results reveal some potential technological ways to increase the yield and grain quality of winter wheat. So in the Central zone of Krasnodarsky Krai it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers in higher doses to enhance the content of this element of mineral nutrition in plants before the reproductive period. In the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropolsky Krai one should increase the amount of reutilized nitrogen from vegetative organs, for example, using at the later stages of growth the processing of crops by physiologically active substances of steroid nature.
Keywords: winter wheat, nitrogen nutrition, sources of nitrogenous substances, reutilization.
Author Details: F.V. Eroshenko, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.A. Eroshenko, applicant; T.V. Simatin, post-graduate student.
For citation: Eroshenko F.V., Eroshenko A.A., Simatin T.V. Use of Nitrogen by Plants of Winter Wheat. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. Vol. 29. No 11. Pp. 58-61 (in Russ.)