L.V. Yushkevich, A.G. Shchitov, A.V. Lomanovsky
Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture, prosp. Koroleva, 26, Omsk, 644012, Russian Federation
Summary. The investigation was carried out in the laboratory of agriculture of chernozem forest-steppe of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture to determine the productivity of repeated crops of spring soft wheat of the medium early biotype in a long-term stationary grain-fallow crop rotation: fallow, wheat, wheat, wheat, barley. We comparatively evaluate of the effectiveness of agricultural technologies of spring wheat cultivation after fallow forecrop and in repeated crops with different tillage systems and use of intensification methods. The clear regularity of the reduction of grain yield at sowing of the second and the third wheat after fallow without chemical means from 2.17 to 1.11 t/ha, or by 48.8%, was established. With complex use of intensification means and increase in the crop yield 2.2 times (up to 3.39 t/ha) the productivity in the repeated crops is less by 1.64 t/ha, or 39%. In the repeated crops the density of topsoil increases to 1.18 g/cm3, the water consumption coefficient per 1 t of grain grows by 20-46%, the content of nitrate nitrogen reduces 2.26-2.42 times, the infestation of the agrophytocoenosis increases 1.4-2.9 times, the injury of plants by root rots raises by 10-12%, the yield and quality of the grain decreases. In the control (without chemicals) the productivity of spring wheat in repeated crops is 1.12 t/ha only with the advantages of the combined variant of tillage. The grain yield in this variant with the complex use of chemical means reaches 2.47 t/ha and exceeds the productivity at the no-till variant by 0.47 t/ha (21.2%), with high variation of this indicator-up to 40.2%. It was found that the dominant factor affecting the grain yield of spring wheat is intensification means. Their influence degree is up to 30.6%. Then there is contribution of forecrop–22.0%; year–13.3%; tillage systems-less than 10%.
Keywords: spring wheat, preceding crop, repeated crop, tillage system, means of intensification, agrophytocoenosis, productivity, grain quality.
Author Details: L.V. Yushkevich, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.G. Shchitov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; A.V. Lomanovsky, junior research fellow.
For citation: Yushkevich L.V., Shchitov A.G., Lomanovsky A.V. Increase in the Productivity of Spring Wheat in Repeated Crops in South Steppe of Western Siberia // Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. Vol. 29. No 11. Pp. 70-73 (in Russ.)