S.I. Smurov, T.V. Popova
Belgorod State Agrarian University, ul. Vavilova, 1, pos. Majsky, Belgorodsky r-n, Belgorodskaya obl., 308503, Russian Federation
Summary. The article presents experimental materials, which characterize the influence of different crops (oil radish, tansy phacelia and white mustard) and their binary crops (radish + phacelia and mustard + phacelia) in green-manured fallow on moisture reserves, total water consumption, water consumption index, density and aggregate composition of typical chernozem, soil structure index, abundance and species of soil fauna. The data about vegetative and root mass formation of different fallow-grown crops are also presented. Soil humidity was determined by thermostatic gravimetric method, density of arable layer–by cutting ring method, soil aggregate composition–by dry sieving method of air-dry soil, number of animals mesofauna–by excavation method, and cellulose-decomposing soil activity–by flax destruction during 30 days of exposure. The green manure herbage was accounted manually in a blooming period of the crops; the whole plot (50 sq m) was cut in three replications and weighted on a scale. The root mass was determined layer by layer in every 10 cm in a soil volume 25x25x10 cm. The research was carried out in 2012-2014 in the crop rotation: green-manured fallow, winter wheat, soybeans, spring wheat. The best cultures for green-manured fallow are tansy phacelia, oil radish and their binary sowing. The average yield of herbage in binary sowing of oil radish with phacelia was 32.8 t/ha, in monocultures of radish and phacelia it was 28.9 and 26.1 t/ha. The lowest indexes of water consumption for these crops were determined: for radish and phacelia mixture it was 50.1 m3/t, for oil radish–50.6 m3/t, for phacelia–61.9 m3/t. The best structure of the soil was registered in phacelia monoculture and in its mixture radish.
Keywords: green manure fallow, fertilizers, agro-physical properties, water regime, structure, density, mesofauna, microbiological activity of soil.
Author Details: S.I. Smurov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); T.V. Popova, junior research fellow.
For citation: Smurov S.I., Popova T.V. Evaluation of Different Crops and Their Combinations as Green Manure. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. Vol. 29. No 11. Pp. 74-77 (in Russ.)