Yu.I. Cheverdin, V.A. Bespalov, T.V. Titova
Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Central Chernozem Zone named after V.V. Dokuchaev, pos. Instituta named Dokuchaev, Talovsky r-n, Voronezhskaya obl., 397463, Russian Federation
Summary. Annual intensive anthropogenic impact on a soil cover leads to the appreciable reduction of the thickness of the humus horizon. The main reasons of this process are actions of natural and anthropogenic factors: intensive cultivation, application of the mineral fertilizers, insufficient input of root and stubbly residues. The purpose of our researches was to study the influence of anthropogenic influence on a variation of the main morphometric characteristics of chernozem soils of Kamennaya Steppe. The article presents the materials, characterizing the distribution of the main morphometric characteristics of chernozems of Kamennaya Steppe. It is shown the detailed diversity of humus horizon thickness on the flat key plot, typical for the central part of the chernozem zone of Russia. Annual intensive anthropogenic influence leads to the appreciable reduction of the thickness of the humus horizon. On an arable soil, put into operation 20 years ago, the thickness of the humus horizon decreased on the average by 11 cm, for a 60-year period–by 15 cm. The objects (fallow land, arable land, forest belt), adjacently located on the given plot, were exposed to the research. Statistical characteristics of the thickness of the humus horizon for various subtypes of chernozems are calculated. Chernozems differ most considerably with the depth of continuous impregnation of calcium carbonates (depth of boiling up changes from 1 to 95 cm). The maximum values of boiling depths are noted on soils of fallow and under the forest belt, 68 and 63 cm, correspondingly. As a result of the intensive anthropogenic influence (cultivation with soil overturning) this value decreases noticeably. The variation of this indicator is caused by the form of the relief, digging activity of animals, erosive processes and seasonal change of level of ground waters.
Keywords: chernozem, subtypes of chernozems, humus horizon, spatial variation, Kamennaya Steppe.
Author Details: Yu.I. Cheverdin, D.Sc. (Biol.), head of division; V.A. Bespalov, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); T.V. Titova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Cheverdin Yu.I., Bespalov V.A., Titova T.V. Change of Variation of the Main Morphometric Characteristics of Chernozems under the Influence of Anthropogenic Impact. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V.29. No 10. pp. 62-65 (In Russ)