L.N. Petrovа, F.V. Eroshenko, A.A. Eroshenko
Stavropol Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Nikinova, 49, Mikhajlovsk, Stavropolsky Krai, 356241, Russian Federation
Summary. We studied the effect of soil and climatic and weather conditions of cultivation on the peculiarities of water regime and formation of productivity of different varieties of winter wheat. The investigations were carried out from 2006 to 2009 in the central zone of Krasnodarsky Krai and in the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropolsky Krai. The research objects were crops of winter wheat of different varieties. It was established that in the central zone of Krasnodarsky Krai the water supply of winter wheat crops throughout the growing season was better than in the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropolsky Krai. Plants of winter wheat in the central zone of Krasnodarsky Krai in this period use 4.09 mm/day, and in the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropolsky Krai–2.97 mm/day, the difference is 37.7%. The studies revealed that cultivation of winter wheat in the central zone of Krasnodarsky Krai enabled to obtain the total harvest of biomass by 24.8%, and grain–by 17.0% more than in the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropolsky Krai. The coefficient of economic efficiency reduces by 6.5%. The analysis enabled to determine the degree of influence of various factors on grain yield of winter wheat. In our experiments, the varietal characteristics had the greatest influence on grain yield (23%). The share of soil and climatic conditions of the zone of cultivation was 16%. The degree of influence of weather conditions of the year was 12%. In the central zone of Krasnodarsky Krai the photosynthetic indices associated with the assimilation surface area have a great influence on the yield formation of winter wheat. In the zone of unstable moistening of Stavropolsky Krai the indicators concerned with chlorophyll content have a great effect.
Keywords: winter wheat, soil and climatic zone, water regime, productivity.
Author Details: L.N. Petrovа, member of the Academy, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); F.V. Eroshenko, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow; A.A. Eroshenko, applicant.
For citation: Petrovа L.N., Eroshenko F.V., Eroshenko A.A. Productivity of Winter Wheat in Different Soil and Climatic Zones of the North Caucasus. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. Vol. 29. No 12. Pp. 80-84 (in Russ.).