V.G. Loshakov
All Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry named after D.N. Pryanishnikov, ul. Pryanishnikova, 31a, Moskva, 127550, Russian Federation
Summary. During the last three decades of the previous century in stationary field experiments of more than 80 agricultural research institutes and universities the investigations were carried out in order to study the efficacy of separate and combined application of fertilizers and crop rotation, in comparison with monoculture of the main grain, feed and technical crops under conditions of specialization and intensification of agriculture. Their results showed that with the highest level of agriculture intensification the application of fertilizers, pesticides, plant growth regulators, means of mechanization and reclamation in all zones of the country cannot replace the high efficacy of adequate, scientifically substantiated crop rotations. For winter wheat, potato, sugar beet, pea and sunflower the positive effect of interaction of the crop rotation and fertilizers was determined, which expressed by the addition of productivity within the limits from 4.8 to 8.7%. For other cultures it was weak or zero, while for corn for grain it was negative (-22.1%). The effect of interaction of crop rotation and fertilizers appeared also on the indices of grain quality of winter wheat; it was expressed in an increase in protein content by 0.4% and crude gluten content by 2.5%. The high ecological function of soil-protecting crop rotations was established. In this case the methods of biologization of agriculture through the expansion of the area of legume crops, perennial grasses, intermediate and green-manured cultures had the special importance. In connection with a sharp deficiency of organic fertilizers the value of their nontraditional forms grew: straw, plant residues, green manure crops, which equivalently substitute common organic fertilizers in the optimal combinations with scientifically substantiated doses of mineral fertilizers. This ensures high agrotechnical, agroecological and economical effect of modern agro-landscape systems of agriculture.
Keywords: crop rotation, monoculture, fertilizers, soil fertility, ecology, perennial grasses, green manure, intermediate crops.
Author Details: V.G. Loshakov, D. Sc. (Agr.), senior researcher fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Loshakov V.G. Effectiveness of Separate and Combined Use of Crop Rotation and Fertilizers. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. T. 30. No. 1. Pp. 9-13 (In Russ.).