A.V. Sachenkov1, N.A. Emel’yanov2
1ZAO «Firm «Avgust», ul. Tsandera, 6, Moskva, 129515, Russian Federation
2N.I. Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, ul. Teatral’naya, 1, Saratov, 410600, Russian Federation
Summary. The aim of the research was to determine the harmfulness of dominant phytophages during phenological stages of spring wheat and study their role in yield formation at different distance from crop border. The work was carried out in 2012-2014 on the base of ZAO “Plemzavod Meliorator”, Marks district, Saratov region. The experiment was carried out in the industrial crop of Saratovskaya 66 spring wheat. The design of the experiment included two variants: A (control) – without insecticides; B – sowing of seeds, treated by the system preparation Tabu (0.8 l/ha), foliar treatment of plants at stem elongation by the contact insecticide Sharpej (0.2 l/ha) and at the beginning of grain formation 0 by the system preparation Borej (0.1 l/ha). On the average over the vegetation the productivity decreased significantly without insecticide application by 0.26-0.37 t/ha, compared to potential one. In the marginal region of crop the losses were the greatest, they varied over the years from 0.42 to 0.52 t/ha; at the distance 80-100 m losses were the smallest – from 0.13 to 0.22 t/ha. Chemical protection methods on the average over the years enabled to reduce the losses by 57.7-72.9%, including in the marginal region – by 64.2-80.0%, at the distance 80-100 m – by 38.8-72.2%. the average profitability over the years varied from 38.6 to 59.9%, and over crop regions – from 72.4 to 84.2%. Annual protection of wheat crops against insects is economically justified in the first phenological period by treatment of seeds by the system preparation Tabu with their sowing at the distance 0-40 m from the crop border. The conclusion about insecticide application in the second (stem elongation) and third (the beginning of seed formation) phenological period should be made according to results of phytosanitary control. In the case of depressive number of Eurygaster integriceps the treatment at the phase of stem elongation can be limited by the region 0-80 m.
Keywords: insecticide, pest, plant protection, border effect, yield losses, wheat.
Author Details: A.V. Sachenkov, leading specialist, (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N.A. Emel’yanov, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof.
For citation: Sachenkov A.V., Emel’yanov N.A. Harmfulness of Dominant Phytophages on Seed Crops of Spring Wheat and Organization of Its Protection. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No 1. Pp. 48-54 (In Russ.).