L.I. Tikhomirova
Altai State University, prosp. Lenina, 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russian Federation
Summary. Broad prospects for the use of the potato forms with reduced chromosome number (dihaploids and monoploids) associated with the development of breeding on the basis of distant hybridization, and the possibility of selection of valuable genotypes using molecular markers. The method of microspores culture in vitro is one of the ways to obtain duplicated haploids (DH (double haploid) lines). It is based on the use of a biological phenomenon of androgenesis in vitro, in which haploid cells of microspores develop according to sporophytic way into embryo-like structures and later in regenerated plants, containing a half set of chromosomes. The purpose of our research was to develop the method of introduction of microspores to the culture and to determine the efficiency of induction of embryogenesis for the Nevskii variety of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The basis for the development of the methodology was the protocol for wheat cultivation. The pretreatment of unopened flower buds by low temperature was carried out. In our experiment, the use of a blender enabled to release and preserve viable up to 95% of microspores. At the time of isolation, 2-4% of dual-nucleus microspores with equal nucleus were detected. We also observed an abnormal development of microspores at the stage of tetrads, where there was the division of nucleus. Intensive growth of multicellular tumors caused the stretching and rupture of microspores cover. Embryoids appeared in 11 days. In addition to single embryo-like structures, we saw conglomerates of embryoids in suspension of potato microspores in 11-12 days. By analogy with wheat, we called them polyembryoids. The frequency of formation of embryoids (single embryo-like structures) and the frequency of formation of polyembryoids in the test was 0.5-1.0%. There was not the process of callus formation during the formation of embryoid structures. The success of the cultivation of potato microspores cv. Nevsky indicates the need for further work on optimization of the technology and receiving of green regenerated plants.
Keywords: potato, culture of isolated microspores, embryogenesis, dihaploid, proembryo.
Author Details: L.I. Tikhomirova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Tikhomirova L.I. Induction of Embryogenesis in the Culture of Isolated Microspores of Nevsky Tetraploid Variety of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 10. Pp. 9-11 (in Russ.).