Yu.D. Zapkhanov
State Station of Agrochemical Service «Buryatskaya», ul. Oktyabr’skaya 2, s. Ivolginsk, Respublika Buryatiya, 671050, Russian Federation
Summary. The aim of the investigation was to determine the current state of soil fertility and to reveal the dynamics of its changing in the Republic of Buryatia. The soil cover of agricultural lands of the region is presented mainly by chestnut, gray forest and chernozem soils. Since 1964, eight cycles of agrochemical survey of agricultural lands have been carried out in the republic. According to the data of the 8th cycle, the fraction of soils with very low content of humus is 42.9% (228,500 ha), with low one – 39.9% (212,200 ha), with middle content – 13.1% (69,900 ha). The average weighted content of mobile phosphorus in the 8th cycle was 181 mg/kg, which is higher by 23% than in the first cycle. The provision with exchange potassium over the years of observation has not cardinally changed, and now it corresponds to the higher level. In the dynamics of soil acidity there were not heavy changes, the weighted mean has kept on the level 6.3-6.5 units. At the same time 15,700 ha, or 3.0%, of the surveyed land are presented by strongly and middle acid soils, which require liming first of all. The very low level of mineral and organic fertilizer application has been registered in the republic during last 15 years. In 1987 it was applied 49,700 t (a.s.) of mineral fertilizers, or 35 kg/ha, totally for Buryatia, but in 2015 it was introduced 300 t (a.s.) only, or 3 kg/ha. The amount of applied organic fertilizers in 2015 was 549,500 t only. As a result, the balance of the main mineral nutrients is negative; in 2015 it was minus 49.9 kg/ha for nitrogen, minus 4.5 kg/ha for phosphorus, minus 6.4 kg/ha for potassium.
Keywords: soil, agrochemical survey, dynamics, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, organic matter (humus), fertilizers.
Author Details: Yu.D. Zapkhanov, head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Zapkhanov Yu.D. Soil and Climatic Conditions and Fertility Dynamics of Arable Lands in the Republic of Buryatia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 10. Pp. 77-80 (in Russ.).