T.A. Aseeva, N.E. Savchenko
Far East Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Klubnaya, 13, Vostochnoye, Khabarovskii r-n., Khabarovskii krai, 680521, Russian Federation
Summary. The investigations were carried out in a field crop rotation, which was laid in 1963-1965, in order to study the influence of long fertilizer application on the main characteristics of fertility of meadow-brown heavy loamy soils and productivity of spring wheat. The soil of the test plot was meadow-brown podzolized heavy loamy. Organic, mineral, lime, organic-mineral, organic-lime, lime-mineral, organic-lime-mineral fertilizer systems were studied in the experiment in comparison with the pure control. Over seven rotations it was applied 220 tons of organic fertilizers, 18t of lime, 1905 kg of nitrogen, 2040 kg of phosphorus and 1305 kg of potassium. In the process soil cultivation in the crop rotation during 50 years the amount of humus decreased by 3.0 t/ha compared to the initial content. The maximum loss of humus during a year, 0.28 t/ha, was registered in the variant with lime only. Application of organic fertilizers both in pure form and in combination with mineral and lime fertilizers provided the annual growth of humus amount at 0.28-0.42 t/ha. Over a long period of intensive use of meadow-brown frozen soils acid-alkaline properties changed slightly with the increase in the thickness of the arable layer. With the application of lime at the rate of 1.25 HA in the fourth rotation the value of pH(saline) did not exceed the middle acid interval; the maximal reduction of hydrolytic acidity was at the level of 38%, and the content of exchange bases grew at the same value; the degree of saturation of SAC by them did not exceed 75%. The application of organic and lime fertilizers only did not influence positively the nutrition regime of the soil, however, mineral fertilizers provided a significant increase in its content. Soil cultivation in crop rotation ensured the increase in spring wheat yield 2.5 times. Complex systems of fertilizers provided sustained high yield increase – from 520 to 1,800 kg/ha.
Keywords: spring wheat, fertilizer systems, humus, agrochemical properties, productivity.
Author Details: T.A. Aseeva, D. Sc. (Agr.), director (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N.E. Savchenko, post graduate student.
For citation: Aseeva T.A., Savchenko N.E. Influence of Long Fertilizer Application on the Changes in Soil Fertility and Yield of Spring Wheat. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No. 10. Pp. 81-85 (in Russ.).