B.I. Sandukhadze
Moscow Research Institute of Agriculture «Nemchinovka», ul. Kalinina, 1, pos. Novoivanovskoe, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 143026, Russian Federation
Summary. The culture of winter wheat in contrast to winter rye was not traditional in the center of the Non-black earth belt. Varieties Moskovskaya 2411, Moskovskaya 2453, etc. were the first selection varieties of winter wheat, developed with the use of hybridization by D.L. Rudzinskii. Hybrids PPG-599 and PPG-186 of wheat and couch grass (N.V. Tsitsin, G.D. Lapchenko) with 42 chromosomes, created by the method of distant hybridization, played an important role in the development of this direction. Afterward, the Zarya variety was developed by the step intraspecific crosses of geographically distant varieties (E.T. Varenitsa, etc.). This variety was resistant to covered smut and had a height up to 120 cm. Since the 1970s the investigations have been carried out to develop varieties, which combine productivity and winter hardiness, productivity and short stalks, presenting a new variety morphotype of winter wheat for the conditions of the Non-black earth belt. The studies were carried out under the direction of B.I. Sandukhadze with the use of the method of interruptive backcrosses. The varieties Inna and Pamyati Fedina were considered as the best among the developed forms with the height 80-90 cm. Their productivity was higher by 1 t/ha than of the long-stem standard (5.0-5.5 t/ha). For the first time in the region, it was developed a variety with higher grain quality, with the gluten content of flour 30-35% and with the protein content of the grain 15-16%. It is a variety Moskovskaya 39. The variety has been recommended for the cultivation since 1999 in six regions of the center of Russia, and the area of its crops was about 1 million hectares in some years. The Moskovskaya 40 is characterized by the higher grain quality; this cultivar was developed by individual selection from the Moskovskaya 39 variety. The Nemchinovskaya 24 variety is distinguished by unique characteristics of resistance to brown rust and lodging, together with high productivity. Among seven varieties, released in 21 century, the Nemchinovskaya 17 variety, included in the State Register of Selection Achievements in 2013, is distinguished. The cultivar was developed by selection from the hybrid combination (Nemchinovskaya 24 x Moskovskaya 39). As a result of accomplished work, the production of food grain became possible in the center of Russia.
Keywords: region, breeding, winter wheat, variety, productivity, quality, resistance, lodging.
Author Details: B.I. Sandukhadze, member of the RAS, head of laboratory (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Sandukhadze B.I. Development and Results of Breeding of Winter Wheat in the Center of the Non-Black Earth Belt. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 9. Pp. 15-18 (in Russ.).