T.A. Kapustina, F.K. Tsechoeva, A.I. Bochkareva
All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Irrigation and Water Supply Systems «Raduga», pos. Radugnyi, 38, Kolomenskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 140483, Russian Federation
Summary. The article presents investigation data on the determination of regularities of hydrologic and climatic conditions influence on crop yield in the years with different heat and moisture supply for its prediction in different natural and climatic zones of the North Caucasus. We used data of field researches performed in 2000-1015, as well as North Caucasus weather stations data for 1950-2012, and standard methods of agricultural and climatic and moisture balance research. In order to determine the regularities, we used previously developed methods, data bases and prediction models for evaluation of the natural heat and moisture provision of different natural and climatic zones of the Russian Federation. They are based on the complex coefficient Cm, calculated taking into account data from the system of hydro-meteorological stations (1950-2015) and determination of irrigation rates, total water consumption and crop productivity under field conditions over 2000-2015. Using estimated functions of natural moisture impact on crop yield the authors performed an evaluation of relative crop yield decrease under conditions of North Caucasian Federal District for the range of Cm changing 0.3-0.8. In the middle humid year (25 % of provision), the deficit of natural moisture results in alfalfa and silage corn yield decrease by 17-47 %, and for such year potatoes and cabbage yield may reduce up to 10 to 50 %. The biggest yield losses caused by natural moistening deficit were registered in the dry steppe zone in the dry year (95 % of provision). With the deficit of natural moisture for hay alfalfa at the level of 870 mm, potato – 380 mm, silage corn – 460 mm, late cabbage – 500 mm the yield reduction was 70, 73, 80 and 92 %, respectively. The calculations revealed that prevention of yield losses in the North Caucasus is possible only with the organization of regular irrigation for compensation of determined deficits of natural moisture.
Keywords: productivity, natural moisture provision, coefficient of moistening, estimation of moisture supply deficit, yield decrease, water consumption deficit, irrigation scheduling.
Author Details: T.A. Kapustina, Cand. Sc. (Techn.), head of department, (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); F.K. Tsechoeva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; A.I. Bochkareva, research fellow.
For citation: Kapustina T.A., Tsechoeva F.K., Bochkareva A.I. Analysis of Influence of Natural Moisture Provision on Crop Yield under Conditions of the North Caucasus. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No. 11. Pp. 24-27 (in Russ.).