E.A. Simakov, A.V. Mityushkin, A.V. Mityushkin, A.A. Zhuravlev
A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming, ul. Lorkha, 23, p. Kraskovo, Lyuberetskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 140051, Russian Federation
Summary. The purpose of the research was to determine parameters of the main economically valuable traits to improve the competitiveness of the developing potato varieties of different target use. The investigations were carried out in the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming. Based on the analysis of use efficiency of the potato assortment, listed in the State Register of the Russian Federation for 2015 it was revealed that over the last decade (2005-2015), the share of domestic varieties in the total volume of seed potato decreased by 29.6 %, and foreign – increased by 26.0 %. The development of a sustainable trend of increase in the share of foreign varieties is associated primarily with the existing quality problems of original and elite seed material of domestic varieties, due to a low resource potential and poor technological discipline of production of most originators. The most important area of breeding is the development of table grapes, the competitiveness of which is determined by such economically valuable signs, as the appearance of tubers, tastefulness, not darkening pulp, raw and boiled. Moreover, in the nomenclature of table varieties early-maturing varieties with a vegetation period of 60 days are the most popular, they are able to form a yield at the level of 12-15 t/ha during 40 days after germination. The complex of requirements for table grapes intended for dietary (clinical) nutrition and characterized by a high content of antioxidants (vitamin C, anthocyanins, carotenoids), crude protein and low starch content of tubers is determined. The main specific requirements for special varieties for processing into potato products (mashed potato, French fries, crispy potatoes) are dry matter content (20-25 %) and reducing sugar content (0.2-0.5 %), which determine the quality of the finished product. For technical varieties, developed for processing into starch and alcohol, the determining factor is the starch content in tubers at the level of 18 % with the share of the fraction of starch grains (more 30 microns) at least 50 %.
Keywords: potato, assortment, competitiveness, permitted use, values of economically important traits.
Author Details: E.A. Simakov, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.V. Mityushkin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory; A.V. Mityushkin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; A.A. Zhuravlev, senior research fellow.
For citation: Simakov E.A., Mityushkin A.V., Mityushkin A.V., Zhuravlev A.A. Modern Requirements to Potato Varieties of Different Target Use. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No. 11. Pp. 45-48 (in Russ.).