P.A. Chekmarev1, A.V. Sidorov2, A.A. Moiseev2
1Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, Orlikov pereulok, 1/11, Moskva, 107139, Russian Federation
2State Center of Agrochemical Service «Mordovskii», ul. Pionerskaya, 35, pos. Yalga, Saransk, Respublika Mordoviya, 430904, Russian Federation
Abstract. The article analyses the results of a full agrochemical survey of arable land of the Republic of Mordovia during the period of 1964-2015. During the whole period of investigations the arable lands of the republic are characterized as medium humic according to the content of organic matter. According to the results of the last cycle of the agrochemical survey the average weighted value of this indicator is 5.8 %. The content of mobile forms of phosphorus increased from 55 mg/kg of soil (the first cycle) to 142 mg/kg of soil (the eighth cycle), or by 258.2 %. The average weighted content of exchange potassium in the arable lands of Mordovia changed less significantly; the growth was 53.8 % (the variation over the cycles of the survey was from 104 to 160 mg/kg of soil). Today the value of this indicator corresponds to the higher level. According to the data of the VIII cycle of the agrochemical survey the total area of acid arable soils in the region is 76.4 % (754,200 ha); 293,200 ha of them require top-priority liming. The fraction of arable lands with low content of humus is 21.4 % (210,500 ha), with low content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium – 9.3 % (91,800 ha) and 8.6 % (84,900 ha), correspondingly. The arable lands of the republic are mainly characterized by medium and high provision with mobile compounds of boron, copper, and zinc, by medium provision – of manganese, cobalt, and sulfur. They are not polluted by strontium-90 and caesium-137. The average annual balance of the main nutrients in the agriculture of the republic was negative during the period from 1970 to 1974; since 1975 to 1992 it was positive and achieved the maximum values in 1985-1989 (+ 68 kg/ha). After 1993 the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and manganese in the agriculture of the republic was negative.
Keywords: agrochemical survey, organic matter of soil, humus, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, soil acidity, micronutrients, fertilizers.
Author Details: P.A. Chekmarev, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, director of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.V. Sidorov, director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.A. Moiseev, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief agrochemist.
For citation: Chekmarev P.A., Sidorov A.V., Moiseev A.A. Dynamics of Fertility of Arable Lands in the Republic of Mordovia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. V. 31. No 1. Pp. 4-9 (in Russ.).