V.P. Ponazhev, O.V. Medvedeva, A.A . Yanyshina
All Russian Flax Research Institute, ul. Lunacharskogo, 35, Torzhok, Tverskaya obl., 172002, Russian Federation
Summary. The necessity to improve the efficiency of fiber flax seed production in order to eliminate one of the reasons for a slow increase in flax products competitive manufacturing in the country is proved. The effectiveness of seed production depends in many respects on the state of a primary seed production of the culture, scientific support of which is carried out by seven breeding institutes. Annually from 59 to 63 batches of renewed fiber flax seeds are manufactured in research institutes of Russia; more than 90 tons of premium seeds for subsequent reproduction in seed farms are produced. The All-Russian Research Institute of Flax Breeding (VNIIL) is the leading institution of a breeding center of fiber flax; it produces about 80 % of such seeds in Russia. In accordance with the effective methodology of primary seeding developed in the Institute, more than 100 thousand typical plants are selected annually with a minimal expenditure of labor and resources. To achieve a high multiplication factor for new seeds of fiber flax, harvested from the typical plants, close-drilled seeding with row spacing of 7.5 and 6.25 cm are developed in VNIIL for further stages of seed production. These methods enable to increase the productivity of seeds by 200–360 kg/ha, or 23.1–40.0 %, in comparison with wide row seeding (22.5 cm). At the same time, the seeding rates for fiber flax are optimized in their reproduction at the primary stages of seed breeding, as well as during crop cultivation of the first, second and third reproductions. At the final stage of fiber flax seed production, the minimization of losses is ensured by combine harvesting during 10–12 days. The delay of this procedure can decrease the productivity of seed material by 45–55 %. Improving methods of postharvest processing of seed heap, its threshing without drying with humidity of 35–40 % and content of green bolls of 10–15 % reduces energy consumption by more than 2 times.
Keywords: fiber flax, seeds, variety, seed production, methods, productivity.
Author Details: V.P. Ponazhev, D.Sc. (Agr.), director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O.V. Medvedeva, head of laboratory; A.A . Yanyshina, D.Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory.
For citation: Ponazhev V.P., Medvedeva O.V., Yanyshina A.A. Modern Level of Scientific Support to Fiber Flax Seed Production. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No 5. Pp. 58-60 (In Russ.).