V.S. Zelentsov, L.G. Ryabenko, E.V. Moshnenko, V.S. Zelentsov
All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops by V. S. Pustovoit, ul. Filatova, 17, Krasnodar, 350038, Russian Federation
Summary. Cultivation of oil flax in short crop rotations in arid regions of the southern Russia areas leads to the accelerated return of this crop on the same field. In this case, the yield of flax often reduces due to the suppression of flax plant by toxins of flax sickness of the soil. This problem is known since the Middle-Ages. Existing hypotheses of flax sickness of soil, including the accumulation of Fusarium mycotoxin in the soil, depletion and disturbance of soil, auto-toxic allelopathy and a number of other ones, are not often confirmed by independent field and laboratory tests. It is not possible to reliably identify the nature of toxins of flax sickness of soil, and it is not possible to effectively breed flax resistant to them. The symptoms and reaction of the plants on the flax sickness of soil are similar to the lesion by mycotoxin of Fusarium wilt. In accordance with the represented hypothesis, the same biochemical or physiological process in flax tissues or the similar molecular structure of toxins could cause the same reaction. On the basis of the same type of response, Fusarium resistant genotypes of flax may have an increased resistance to flax sickness of soil and vice versa. In 2012 it was selected a group of flax plants resistant to Fusarium wilt, isolated from Surpriz variety. Sowing of their progeny in the field with two-year flax monoculture was allowed to select several samples with the resistance to the flax sickness of soil. The selected samples of oil flax “Y-1” and “Y-2” showed the complex full field resistance to fungi of the genus Fusarium and to flax sickness of soil. They can be successfully cultivated in a short field crop rotation in the arid regions of the southern Russian areas under conditions of the epiphytotic of Fusarium wilt.
Keywords: oil flax, flax sickness of soil, resistance to Fusarium wilt, short crop rotation, arid regions.
Author Details: V.S. Zelentsov, D. Sc. (Agr.), acting head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); L.G. Ryabenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory; E.V. Moshnenko, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow; V.S. Zelentsov, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Zelentsov V.S., Ryabenko L.G., Moshnenko E.V., Zelentsov V.S. Breeding of Oil Flax for Resistance to Flax Sickness of Soil for the Short Crop Rotations in the Arid Regions of the Southern Russia Areas. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 6. Pp. 9-11 (in Russ.).