Yu.N. Trubvikov
Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture, prosp. Svobodny, 66, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation
Summary. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate natural resources of the farming area of Krasnoyarsk Krai and to determine the potential of crops depending on fertilizer application. Agroclimatic conditions of Krasnoyarsk Krai make it possible to obtain high yields of main crops. The average yield of cereals over the last 5 years is 2.2–2.4 t/ha. The economies located on the high-fertile leached and usual chernozem and actively using innovative technologies harvest 4.0–5.0 t/ha. In agricultural use, it is mainly involved territories with soil cover, represented by five soil types: chernozem, gray forest, sod-podzol, sod-carbonate, and chestnut. The most of the area (55 %) is represented by chernozem. Depending on the nature and forms of relief soils are subject to deflation to a variable degree. There is the following ratio of the steepness of slopes and the fraction of the arable land, located on them, in Krasnoyarsk Krai: up to 1 degree – 28.5 %, 1-3 degrees – 47.0 %, 3-5 degrees – 14.5 %, more than 5 degrees – 10 %. Under conditions of the complex of leached and ordinary chernozem, fertilizers increase the productivity of six-field grain-fallow green manure crop rotations by 40–50 %. The greatest increase in crop yields and productivity of crop rotations is provided by nitrogen fertilizers (0.6–0.7 t/ha). Application of P20 in rows increases the yield by 0.3–0.4 t/ha. In the control variant (without fertilizers since 1969) the grain yield of wheat after fallow and of barley after wheat varies on average from 1.8 to 2.8 t/ha in the eighth rotation of crop rotation. The use of green manure fallow provides a distinct advantage in terms of productivity only for barley after wheat (the gain is 0.4–0.5 t/ha), i.e. in the second year after plowing. For other crops, productivity differences depending on the type of previous fallow were not registered. Nitrogen fertilizers ensure the greatest recoupment of 1 kg of a.s., it is 20–35 kg of grain. For phosphorus fertilizers, this value is 18–27 kg.
Keywords: regional assignment, natural resources, soils, fertilizers, crop rotation.
Author Details: Yu.N. Trubnikov, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Trubvikov Yu.N. Natural Resources and Agro-Ecological Potential of Crops in Krasnoyarsk Krai. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 6. Pp. 63-67 (in Russ.).