Yu.P. Sukhanovskii, V.A. Vytovtov, Yu.A. Solov’eva, A.V. Prushchik, S.I. Sanzharova, A.G. Titov
All-Russia Research Institute of Arable Farming and Soil Erosion Control, ul. Karla Marksa, 70b, Kursk, 305021, Russian Federation
Summary. The aim of the study was the development of a method for determination of the loss of dissolved biogenic substances from soil using a portable sprinkler. The work was based on the results of previous experiments directed to the determination of losses of NO3, NH4, P2O5, and K2O; different sprinklers and runoff plots were used. An artificial rainfall has the constant intensity I, drops of equal diameter D, which falls down from a height H causing raindrop soil erosion. For a portable sprinkler D = 4.0 ± 0.3 mm, H = 1.0 m, I = 2–3 mm/min. The choice of chemical water composition depends on the task. The runoff plot was made in the form of a circle by sinking a metal cylinder (20 cm high) with a lateral outlet (2.0 cm diameter). The soil surface was made in the form of a watershed. The runoff plot diameter (25 cm) and the barrier height (2–5 cm) were chosen considering raindrop erosion. The rainfall intensity was measured, the runoff start was recorded, the weight of the water running off the soil for time intervals was measured. The water was filtered and the weight of dry soil was measured. The rainfall water and the filtered one were tested to determine the concentration of biogenic elements. The specific experiment was taken as an example, the dependence of the loss of NO3, NH4, P2O5 (mg/m2) on the water runoff layer (mm) was obtained, the magnitudes of the unknown values in the equation of soil infiltration capacity were determined as well. Using this equation and similarity criteria for rainfalls a runoff layer was calculated for a natural rainfall. The losses of biogenic elements for the runoff layer of that rainfall were determined by the experimental dependence. Such method was developed for the first time. The method significantly simplifies the process and decreases the expenditures for conducting the experiments, the results of which can be used to study natural rainfalls.
Keywords: biogenic substances, losses, surface runoff, method, natural and artificial rainfalls, similarity criteria.
Author Details: Yu.P. Sukhanovskii, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.A. Vytovtov, senior research fellow; Yu.A. Solov’eva, Cand. Sc. (Geog.), senior research fellow; A.V. Prushchik, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; S.I. Sanzharova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow; A.G. Titov, research fellow.
For citation: Sukhanovskii Yu.P., Vytovtov V.A., Solov’eva Yu.A., Prushchik A.V., Sanzharova S.I., Titov A.G. Method for Determination of Biogenic Substances Losses from Soil Using a Portable Sprinkler. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 6. Pp. 68-71 (in Russ.).