N.A. Pegova, N.I. Vladykina
Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Lenina, 1, s. Pervomayskiy, 427007, Russian Federation
Summary. The aim of the research was to study the fertility indicators of arable and sub-arable soil layers, as well as productivity of crop rotation depending on the prolonged use of tillage systems in crop rotations with different types of fallow. The experiments were carried out in the stationary test (1986–2012) at the premises of Udmurt Agricultural Research Institute. Three types of fallow (bare, seeded), three tillage systems (moldboard, combination, surface) and three soil layers (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm) were the objects of the study. Bare fallow without manure and moldboard plowing to the depth of arable layer were used as control variants. In the first rotation of crop rotation, the differentiation of arable layer at the surface tillage was revealed. The topsoil 0–10 cm had close to the optimum values of the content of water-stable aggregates (52.0 %), biological activity (11.8 %), nitrification capacity (108 mg/kg), the degree of phosphorus mobility (15.7 mg/kg), the degree of potassium mobility (27.8 mg/kg), the content of exchange potassium (216 mg/kg). These values for the lower layer are 40.2 %, 9.7 %, 94 mg/kg, 14.3 mg/kg, 22.6 mg/kg, 184 mg/kg, respectively. In the fallow field of the fourth rotation, the differentiation of arable layer in fertility was observed at all cultivation systems. The forming differentiation of arable layer of sod-podzol soil with top fertile layer did not lead to a decrease in crop rotation productivity regardless of tillage type. There is no need of an annual moldboard plowing at the depth of arable layer. The combined tillage system is possible in the rotation with different fallow types. The surface system could be used in the rotation with manure application in the bare fallow, use of straw of all cereal crops and sowing of clover.
Keywords: types of fallow, tillage systems, agrochemical, physicochemical, biological properties, water stability of structural aggregates, differentiation, productivity.
Author Details: N.A. Pegova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.) N.I. Vladykina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Pegova N.A., Vladykina N.I. Change of Fertility Indicators and Productivity of Sod-Podzol Soils with Different Systems of Cultivation. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 6. Pp. 72-76 (in Russ.).