N.V. Petrovsky1, V.N. Romanov1, V.M. Litau1, V.K. Ivchenko2
1Krasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture, prosp. Svobodnyi, 66, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation
2Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, prosp. Mira, 90, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russian Federation
Summary. The experiments were carried out to study the possibility of an increase in the productivity of spring wheat with a decrease in economic, labor and energy costs by reducing mechanical load on the soil. The research was carried out in 2013–2015 in a stationary field experiment (fallow, wheat, rape, barley, oats) on the territory of the industrial center of Krasnoyarsk Agricultural Research Institute, (der. Minino, Krasnoyarsk Krai). The soil was ordinary chernozem, low-thick, medium loamy (cryogenic micellar agro-chernozem) with a high content of humus (7.9–9.6 %). Samples for analysis were taken after sowing, in the middle of vegetation and after harvesting of the crops. The sowing of wheat was carried out without fertilizers and against the background of ammonium nitrate. The preceding crop was fallow. The results confirm the positive effect of reducing the intensity of tillage and complete refusal of it on the dynamics of soil moisture. Mulch from crop residues and chopped straw in the dose of 9–13 t/ha contributes to the conservation of available moisture. On the average over 2013–2015 the productivity of spring wheat after fallow was 1.72 t/ha in the variant with direct sowing and 2.11 t/ha in the control. Application of ammonium nitrate in the dose of 100 kg/ha raised the yield on the average by 130–610 kg/ha; fertilizers were more effective against the background of minimal cultivation. The cost of preparation of the soil with a disc cutter in autumn reached 533.4 RUB/ha, the fuel consumption was 16.8 l/ha; with the plowing the values of these parameters were equal to 610.8 RUB/ha and 29.3 l/ha, respectively; with chemical preparation of fallow field – 252.7 RUB/ha and 5.9 l/ha.
Keywords: cereal crops, spring wheat, soil moisture, precipitation, available moisture, forest-steppe, plowing, disking, yield.
Author Details: N.V. Petrovsky, Сand. Sc. (Techn.), director, V.N. Romanov, D. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.M. Litau, research fellow; V.K. Ivchenko, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of department.
For citation: Petrovsky N.V., Romanov V.N., Litau V.M., Ivchenko V.K. Influence of Soil Cultivation on Fertility Indicators and Yield of Wheat in the Forest-Steppe Zone of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 6. Pp. 77-79 (in Russ.).