A.G. Kryuchkov, I.N. Besaliev, A.L. Panfilov, L.F.Polkunova
Orenburg Research Institute of Agriculture, prosp. Gagarina, 27, Orenburg, 460051, Russian Federation
Abstract. The article presents the results of an ecological study of varieties of soft spring wheat against two backgrounds of tillage: plowing with nonmoldboard loosening and a background without autumn processing. The investigations were carried out in 2006-2014 in the zone of southern chernozems in the Orenburg Cis-Ural region. We used the following varieties of spring soft wheat: Saratovskaya 42, Uchitel’, Saratovskaya 70 and Tulaikovskaya Zolotistaya. The soil of the test plot was southern chernozems, solonetz-like, thin with humus content of 3.2-4.0 %. Weather conditions during the years of the research varied from sharply arid (2009, 2010, 2011, 2014) with the value of hydrothermal index from 0.12 to 0.37 to favorable ones (2007, 2012, 2013) with the value of hydrothermal index from 0.56 to 1.00. As a result of the conducted studies, an overall decrease in the yield of soft wheat was determined against the background without autumn treatment by 0.30-0.31 t/ha (33.0-34.1 %). At the same time, the yield of the most productive varieties Saratovskaya 70 and Tulaikovskaya Zolotistaya, grown without cultivation, was insignificantly lower than of Saratovskaya 42 in the variants with the autumn processing. In order to check of hypothesis of the genotypic conditionality of variety reaction to the tillage intensity and to evaluate the expediency of breeding for the backgrounds without tillage the coefficients of ecological plasticity and stability, homeadaptability and intensity were calculated according to methods of Gryaznov, Ivanchenko et al., Khangil’din, Udachin et al. Saratovskaya 42 variety was characterized by the least plasticity (Ri was 0.70); it was higher in varieties Uchitel’, Saratovskaya 70 and Tulaikovskaya Zolotistaya (1.19-1.20). Saratovskaya 42 yielded to other varieties in terms of homeostaticity (6.32 versus 10.92-15.38). Under conditions of resource-saving technology diffusion for the main tillage, attention should be paid to the responsiveness of varieties, taking into account their environmental sustainability.
Keywords: soft spring wheat, variety, ecological plasticity, stability, homeoadaptability, soil cultivation, plowing, nonmoldboard loosening.
Author Details: A.G. Kryuchkov, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); I.N. Besaliev, D. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; А.L. Panfilov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; L.F. Polkunova, senior research fellow.
For citation: Kryuchkov A.G., Besaliev I.N., Panfilov A.L., Polkunova L.F. Parameters of Plasticity of Soft Wheat Varieties in Connection with Tillage Methods. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 4. Pp. 40-42 (in Russ.).