QUALITY OF SILAGE FROM MIXED CROPS OF FORAGE CROPS IN THE FOREST-STEPPE AND STEPPE ZONES OF WESTERN SIBERIA

N.I. Kashevarov¹, T.A Sadokhina², T.G. Lomova², D. Yu. Bakshaev^2
1Siberian Federal Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the RAS (SFRCAB of the RAS), pos. Krasnoobsk, Novosibirskii r-n, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russian Federation
²Siberian Research Institute of Forages of the SFRCAB of the RAS, pos. Krasnoobsk, Novosibirskii r-n, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russian Federation

Abstract. The study was carried out in 2013-2015 in the premises of the Siberian Research Institute of Fodder in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Western Siberia. Forest-steppe zone according to climatic resources is moderately warm, insufficient moistened agroclimatic region. The steppe zone is characterized by a sharp continental climate with hot summers and cold winters. The article presents the analysis of yield and nutritional value of single-species and mixed crops of cereals and legumes, identifies the indicators of biological efficiency of annual legume-grass mixtures depending on the ratio of the components. In comparison with single-crop sowing crop mixtures are more productive by 20-35 % and more plastic in relation to the weather conditions of the zone of cultivation. The largest harvest of green mass in the forest-steppe zone was 43.9 t/ha, in the steppe one – 16.4 t/ha. The contents of lactic and acetic acids in silage over the variants of the test was optimal (55-80 % of the amount of total acids), indicating adjusted homofermentation. The presence of butyric acid was found in small quantities, therefore according to the biochemical parameters all samples of silage belonged to the excellent or good feed. The haylage, harvested in all variants of the test, meets the requirements of quality class I or II. The cleavability of silage protein from mixed crops, established using the apparatus “artificial rumen” Rusitec (made in Japan), amounted to 56-70 % over the zones, from cereals – 58-61 %, from pea – 73 %. In general forage quality from the mixture of cereals and legumes was higher than the production of monocultures.

Keywords: mono-species and mixed crops, cereals and legumes, haylage, feed units, digestible protein, solubility and cleavability of protein, biochemical parameters of forage.

Author Details: N.I. Kashevarov, D.Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, acting director; T.A Sadokhina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; T.G. Lomova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory; D.Yu. Bakshaev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), acting head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).

For citation: Kashevarov N.I., Sadokhina T.A., Lomova T.G., Bakshaev D. Yu. Quality of Silage from Mixed Crops of Forage Crops in the Forest-Steppe and Steppe Zones of Western Siberia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. V. 31. No 4. Pp. 82-86 (in Russ.).