А.A. Shpedt1,2, Y.N. Trubnikov2
1Siberian Federal University, prosp. Svobodnyi, 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation
2Krasnoyarsk Agricultural Research Institute, prosp. Svobodnyi, 66, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation
Abstract. The investigation was carried out in order to examine the humic state of idle lands and to develop recommendations for their rational use. In Krasnoyarsk Krai 1.14 million hectares of earlier plowed lands are not used, so they could be considered as fallow lands of different age. The humic state of soils was chosen as an indicator of the transformation of soil fertility of idle lands, as it is the most informative and widely used characteristic determining other agrochemical soil parameters. Plowed chernozems, virgin lands, and 10-years old idle land were the objects of the research. The content of mobile humic substances in the humic horizons was high and very high. In the illuvial horizons of chernozems, it sharply decreases and does not exceed 820 mg of carbon on a kilogram of soil in all cases. The relation of carbon of humic and fulvic acids (HA : FA) of the first fraction characterizes the availability of humic substances to the process of mineralization. In the upper horizons the humus type is usually fulvic-humate. With depth, it changes to humate-fulvic and further to fulvic one. The accumulation of humus and its mobile substances, as well as of total nitrogen in the soil, under conditions of the idle land, occurred in proportion to the duration of the period of biological activity of soils: the longer the period of biological activity of soils was (within 104-122 days), the quicker the humic state restored. In order to optimize the use and involvement of idle lands in the arable reserves it is necessary to take an inventory of agricultural lands on the farm level, to form agrolandscapes with the optimal ratio of lands of different types. A high rate of the territory plowness, the manifestation of high soil deflation, steep slopes (more than 7 degrees), pollution of soils by chemical compounds could be the restrictions for the conversion of soils from the idle land to plowed land. The regulations of the development of idle lands depending on the intensification degree of a farm are offered.
Keywords: idle lands, soils, humic state of soils, criteria of applicability of idle lands for plowing, recommendations.
Author Details: А.A. Shpedt, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Y.N. Trubnikov, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Shpedt А.A., Trubnikov Y.N. Humic State and Rational Use of Idle Lands of Yenisey Siberia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 5. Pp. 5-8 (in Russ.).